Term
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Definition
| carpals have 2 rows of bones, tarsals have 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| junc of 2+ bones through attached musc |
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Term
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Definition
* primarily innervated by branches of brachial plexus of nerves
* supplied mostly by branches of axillary artery
* extrinsic musc of shoulder (attach forelimb to thorax) |
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Term
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Definition
trapezius
omotransverarius
brachiocephalicus
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis
rhomboideus
serratus ventralis
subclavius
omohyoid
prescapular LN |
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Term
| Function of extrinsic musc |
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Definition
1. support weight
*serratus ventralis (main weiht bearing musc when stading; lrg animals)
*pectoralis
2)restrict adduction
*no collarbone (clavicle) --> use rhomboideus and tapezieus
3) restrict abduction
*pectoral prevent limbs from abducting to far
4) locomtoion
*loss of clavicle frees scapula to rotate
*center of limb rotation is half way up scapula not at shoulder joint
*adds effective length to leg
*allows musc of shoulder to contribute to locomo |
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Term
| musc involved in forelimb protraction |
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Definition
BOPTS
brachiocephalicus
omotranverarius
pectoralis (superficial)
thoracic trapezius
serratus ventralis (postscap)
*going to contract downwards and scapul will rotate causing leg to move forward |
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Term
| musc involved in forelimb retraction |
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Definition
Rabid Cats Scratch Like P
Rhomboideus
Cervical trapezius
Serratus ventralis (prescap)
*Gunna pull and scapula rotate will occur counter clockwise
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis (deep) |
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Term
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Definition
| reorganizes axons from several levels so that the nerves leaving the plexus have axons from more than one level ; generates collateral intervention; can also occur in bv |
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Term
| nerves of brachial plexus w/ local destinations |
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Definition
long thoracic
thoracodorsal
cranial and caudal pectoral
subscapular
suprascapular |
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Term
| nerves of brachial plexus that cont to leg |
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Definition
musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar
Median |
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Term
| intrinsic musc of shoulder |
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Definition
Supraspinatus
Deltoideus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Subscapular
Coracobrachialis |
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Term
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Definition
*triceps brachii
-long head
- lateral head
-medial head
-accessory (in K9)
*tensor fasciae antibrachii
*anconeus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relevant for lrg animals, but most prominent in horses. Biceps running through the groove on the humerus, but not originating here. Will create a prominence (opposite of a grove) The way the tednon is shaped it will cup the prominence very closely (kind of like a locking mechanism) will help take load off since they are standing majority of time |
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Term
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Definition
| When elbow is straightened, tendon is stretched. Will store energy when it is pulled so when flexing energy will be released - Stored e will propel leg forward (springy) |
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Term
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Definition
*not a musc, piece of CT
*will help extend a spring across whole leg;
*Provides an extension to carpal extensor tendon and biceps; *Biceps musc allows to have extension on the carpus; Fibrosis- stringy |
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Term
| bloody supply for forelimbs |
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Definition
A lot less vessels on lateral side of limb.
Medial side is more protected. Since lateral side is going to be more prone to damage (ie is K9 is running)
At more proximal part of limb have more tree branches sticking out
As you move down branches become more parallel w/ limb |
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Term
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Definition
| changes name to brachial but once you get passed should joint it becomes brachial although it is same vessel and thn will change back to median once you reach the forelimb (passed the elbow joint) |
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Term
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Definition
Limb is like a giant lever
Majority of musc is at proximal end of limb
About weight distribution
Concentrate majority of musc mass at proximal part of limb → used for faster swinging motion (lrg animals)
EX: hammer method
allows for faster swinging motion of leg when running |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of skin exclusively innervated by one nerve |
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Term
| extensors of carpus/digits |
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Definition
extensor carpi radialis
common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor
ulnaris lateralis (extensor carpi ulnaris)
extensor carpi obliquus |
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Term
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Definition
flexor carpi radialis
deep digital flexor (DDF)
flexor carpis ulnairs
super digital flexor (SDF) |
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Term
| musc acting primarily on the shoulder |
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Definition
LATERAL GROUP
*supraspinatus
*infraspinatus
MEDIAL GROUP
*subscapularis
*coracobrachialis
CAUDAL GROUP
*deltoideus
*teres major
*teres minor |
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Term
| musc primarily acting on elbow |
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Definition
EXTENSOR
*triceps brachii
-long head
- lateral head
-medial head
-accessory (in K9)
*tensor fasciae antebrachii
*anconeus
FLEXOR
*biceps brachii
*brachialis |
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