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Forearm/Hand
LECOM Yr 1
57
Anatomy
Graduate
08/15/2011

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Cards

Term
which landmarks of the forearm are palpable?
Definition
Medial & lateral epicondyles of the humerus

Olecrenon of the ulna

Radial head can be palpated during pronation/supination

Posterior border of ulna down the entire length of the forearm

Pulsations of the radial artery can be felt throughout the forearm from the cubital fossa to the wrist, anterior to the radial styloid process
Term
the radius and ulna are joined by?
Definition
the interosseous membrane
Term
describe the orientation of the fibers in the interosseous membrane
Definition
the fibers are oriented to prevent superior protrusion of the radius and to transfer forces to the ulna
Term
during pronation, the radial head spins on what structures?
Definition
the capitulum and the radial notch of the ulna
Term
what happens at the distal radioulnar joint?
Definition
the ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the ulna
Term
during pronation/supination, what structures hold the bones of the forearm in place?
Definition
the anular ligament of the radius, the interosseous membrane, articular disc at the radioulnar joint
Term
what two muscles compose the flexor compartment of the forearm?
Definition
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
Term
what four muscles are involved in pronation/supination?
Definition
pronator teres, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii, supinator
Term
what muscles compose the extensor compartment of the forearm?
Definition
biceps brachii and supinator
Term
which muscles compose the superficial anterior forearm flexors?
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
what muscle composes the intermediate anterior forearm flexor?
Definition
flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
which muscles compose the deep anterior forearm flexors?
Definition
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
Term
the superficial forearm flexors are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
the median nerve
Term
the median nerve passes between the heads of what muscle?
Definition
pronator teres
Term
through what muscle does the ulnar nerve pass between?
Definition
passes between the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
a person with pronator syndrome would present with inability to flex what?
Definition
the 2nd and 3rd fingers because the median nerve also supplies the 2nd and 3rd lumbricle muscles which aid in metacarpophalangeal joint flexion
Term
which artery is the main supply to the deep palmar arch of the hand?
Definition
the radial artery
Term
in the cubital fossa, the brachial artery branches into the _____ & _____ arteries.
Definition
radial, ulnar
Term
the superficial branch of the radial nerve runs along side which muscle?
Definition
the brachioradialis muscle
Term
the largest arteries of the forearm are located in which compartment?
Definition
the anterior compartment; they pass distally to supply the hand and give branches to the posterior compartment
Term
as the ulnar artery exits the cubital fossa, it gives rise to what artery?
Definition
the common interosseous artery
Term
the interosseous artery gives rise to what 2 arteries?
Definition
the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
Term
which artery is the main supply to the superficial palmar arch of the hand?
Definition
the ulnar artery
Term
the palm of the hand is usually drained via _____ _____.
Definition
deep veins
Term
both deep and superficial veins ultimately drain into what vein?
Definition
the subclavian vein
Term
venipuncture is usually accomplished in what vein?
Definition
the median cubital vein overlying the cubital fossa
Term
superficial drainage begins in the dorsum of the hand via what network?
Definition
the dorsal venous network
Term
all muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
the radial nerve (the posterior interosseous nerve is a deep branch of this nerve)
Term
which muscle forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?
Definition
the brachioradialis
Term
which muscles form the borders of the "anatomical snuff box"?
Definition
the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Term
blood supply to the posterior forearm is via what 3 arteries?
Definition
Posterior interosseous

Anterior interosseous

Radial, via muscular branches which contribute to supply the extensor muscles on the radial side
Term
what is the term for the fascial thickenings that contain muscle tendons of the hand?
Definition
retinacula
Term
what is the function of the retinacula?
Definition
prevent bowstringing during hyperextension; to reduce friction, they are covered with a synovial sheath
Term
which bones compose the proximal row of the carpal bones from lateral to medial?
Definition
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
Term
which bones compose the distal row of the carpal bones from lateral to medial?
Definition
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Term
which ligament binds to the carpal arch to create the carpal tunnel?
Definition
transverse carpal ligament
Term
what are the 2 groups of intrinsic muscles in the hand?
Definition
the thenar and hypothenar group
Term
what nerve innervates the thenar group?
Definition
the median nerve
Term
what nerve innervates the hypothenar group?
Definition
the ulnar nerve
Term
the deep branches of the ulnar artery and nerve pass into the hand via what region?
Definition
Guyen's Canal
Term
what does the expansion hood arrangment allow?
Definition
extension from lumbrical muscles
Term
blood supply to the tendons of the expansion hood is via what?
Definition
vessels from the periosteum
Term
the palmar interosseous muscles (PAD) are innervated by the deep branch of what nerve?
Definition
the ulnar nerve
Term
the PAD muscles are palmar abductors or adductors?
Definition
adductors
Term
the dorsal interosseous muscles (DAB) are innervated by the deep branch of what nerve?
Definition
the ulnar nerve
Term
the DAB muscles are dorsal adductors or abductors?
Definition
abductors
Term
how many DAB muscles are there?
Definition
4
Term
how many PAD muscles are there?
Definition
3
Term
what do the lumbrical muscles flex?
Definition
the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
Term
the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
median nerve
Term
the 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Term
the major arterial supply to the superficial arch is from what artery?
Definition
the ulnar artery
Term
the major arterial supply to the deep palmar arch is from what artery?
Definition
the radial artery
Term
what is a dupuytren's contracture?
Definition
This contracture is a disease of the palmar fascia resulting in a thickening of the fibrous bands on the palmar surface of the hand & fingers

This contracture is frequently bilateral & common in males above age 50 – etiology is unknown, but evidence suggests a hereditary predisposition

Surgical excision of the fibrous parts of the palmar fascia frees the fingers
Term
what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
compression on the median nerve within the carpal canal
Term
what are some treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
surgical decompression, splints, activity modification, vitamins and non steroidal anti-inflammatory meds
Term
what is degenerative arthritis of the hand characterized by?
Definition
loss of thumb pinch stability (pain)
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