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Forearm & Cubital Fossa
Rinaldi 2/2/11 lecture
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
01/30/2011

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Term
interosseous membrane
Definition
joins the radius and ulna together
Term
hand->wrist->radius->interosseous membrane->ulna->humerus->shoulder->axial skeleton
Definition
what is the path of force from the hand
Term
surface area
Definition
the interosseous membrane provides _____ ___ for muscle attachments int he forearm
Term
anterior to posterior
Definition
the interosseus membrane has gaps to allow passage of vessels and never from the _______ compartment to the _______ compartment
Term
flexor/pronator(anterior) and extensor/supinator(posterior) also superficial and deep in each of these
Definition
fascia of the forearm divides the forearm into what compartments?
Term
arm and hand
Definition
the fascia of the forearm (antebrachial fascia) is continuous with the fascia of what
Term
flexor retinaculum
Definition
thickening of antebrachial fascia forms the anterior boundary of the fascia that forms the carpal tunnel, this is known as the _____ _____
Term
8 muscles
superficial
1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
-------
intermediate
5. flexor digitorum superficialis
------
deep
6. flexor digitorum profundus
7. flexor pollicus longus
8. pronator quadratus
Definition
how many muscles lie in the flexor/ pronator compartment (list them)
Term
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
list the superficial muscles of the flexor-pronator compartment
Term
flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
list the intermediate flexor-pronator compartment muscles
Term
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
pronator quadratus
Definition
list the deep flexor-pronator compartment muscles
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
this forearm muscle is absent in 20% of the population, it can be seen with the presence of 2 tendons when the wrist is flexed and the thumb is opposed to touch the pinky
Term
(FCR, PL, FCU)
flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
what three muscles combine to do pure anterior flexion?
Term
no it can be absent unilaterally or bilaterally
Definition
if the palmaris longus is missing, is it usually missing on both arms?
Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition
what is the second tendon seen when checking for palmaris longus? flexor carpi radialis
Term
superficial
1. brachioradialis
2. extensor carpi radialis longus
3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
4. extensor carpi ulnaris
5. extensor digitorum
6. extensor digiti minimi
------
deep
7. supinator
8. abductor pollicus longus
9. extensor pollicus longus
10. extensor pollicus brevis
11. extensor indicis
12. anconeus?
Definition
list the muscles of the extensor-supinator compartment
Term
medial epicondyle
Definition
common origin of the superficial flexor-pronator compartment
Term
lateral epicondyle (except ECRL)
Definition
common origin of the superficial extensor-supinator compartment
Term
deep radial nerve
Definition
supinator innervation
Term
the flattened tendons (aponeurosis) of extensor muscles that run into the back of the hand.

It spans the proximal and middle phalanges.

At the distal end of the metacarpal, the extensor tendon will expand to form a hood, which covers the back and sides of the head of the metacarpal and the proximal phalanx.
Definition
what is an extensor expansion (dorsal expansion, dorsal hood)
Term
repeated, forceful extension
Definition
what causes tennis elbow?
Term
due to the extension, there is inflammation of the epicondyle at the common extensor attachment site
Definition
what happens in tennis elbow?
Term
avulsion of the long digitorum extensor tendon, leaves swan neck deformity
Definition
what causes mallet finger (baseball finger)
Term
extension of distal interphalangeal joint
Definition
what muscle actions are lost with mallet finger?
Term
tearing the extensor digitorum tendon, or an avulsion fracture at the dorsal base of the distal phalynx
Definition
what are 2 ways mallet finger deformity can occur
Term
when there is inadequate treatment for mallet finger
Definition
what does swan neck deformity result from
Term
radial and ulnar (which branch from the brachial)
Definition
list the major arteries of the forearm
Term
lateral
1. profunda brachii & radial recurrent
2. profunda brachii & interosseous recurrent
------
medial
3. superior ulnar collateral & posterior ulnar recurrent
4. inferior ulnar collateral & anterior ulnar recurrent
Definition
list the anastomoses that provide collateral circulation around the elbow and hand
Term
at the cubital fossa
Definition
when does the brachial artery branch to the radial and ulnar arteries
Term
radial artery
Definition
artery that runs along the MEDIAL border of the brachioradialis (between flexor and extensor compartments)
Term
Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
what muscles the ulnar artery runs between
Term
ulnar nerve
Definition
what runs with the ulnar artery after about middle forearm?
Term
median nerve
Definition
passes deep to pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
deep-motor
superficial-cutaneous
Definition
when the radial nerve divides, what do the deep and superficial branches do?
Term
deep radial nerve
Definition
pierces the supinator and winds around the neck of the radius to emerge in the extensor compartment
Term
superficial radial nerve
Definition
runs to the skin of the hand just deep to the brachioradialis (digits 1,2,3,4 and lateral half of 4)
Term
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
Definition
these two muscle (tendons) border the anatomic snuffbox
Term
radial artery, styloid process of radius
Definition
what is contained within the anatomic snuffbox
Term
pain in the anatomic snuff box region due to pressure
Definition
what is the characteristic clinical finding with fracture of the scaphoid?
Term
EPB
Definition
which is more lateral extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
Term
[image]
Definition
1 Extensor digitorum

2 Extensor digiti minimi

3 Extensor carpi ulnaris

4 Extensor retinaculum

5 First dorsal interosseous muscle

6 Abductor digit minimi

7 Extensor digitorum tendons
Term
[image]
Definition
1 Abductor pollicis brevis

2 Adductor pollicis

3 Lumbricals

4 Flexor digit minimi

5 Abductor digit minimi

6 Flexor retinaculum

7 Antebrachial fascia

8 Flexor pollicis longus

9 Flexor digitorum superficialis

10 Flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
Definition
superior border of the cubital fossa
Term
pronator teres
Definition
medial border of cubital fossa
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
lateral border of cubital fossa
Term
brachialis and supinator
Definition
posterior border of cubital fossa
Term
deep fascia
Definition
anterior border of cubital fossa
Term
1. brachial artery (branching into radial and ulnar)
2. deep veins (accompanying the arteries)
3. biceps brachii tendon (attaches to tuberosity of radius)
4. median nerve
5. superficial and deep branches of the radial nerve in its floor
Definition
list the contents of the cubital fossa
Term
venae comitantes
Definition
at/below the level of the brachial artery there are 2 veins to every artery, this is known as
Term
median nerve
Definition
what sits on the median side of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa
Term
biceps aponeurosis, brachial artery, median nerve
Definition
list structures of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial
Term
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Definition
this nerve runs with the basilic vein
Term
lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Definition
(below the cubital fossa), this nerve runs with the cephalic vein and median vein of the forearm
Term
median cubital vein, no nerve runs with it
Definition
best vein for peripheral venous access
Term
median cephalic/median cubital/median basilic
Definition
formed by the branching of the median antecubital vein
Term
presence of superficial ulnar artery-found within or superficial to deep fascia(normally it is deep to deep fascia)
Definition
common variation of artery structure in the elbow
Term
the artery should be pulsating
Definition
how can you differentiate between a vein and artery?
Term
some drugs are designed for veins(they are irritating), arteries have muscular walls and there can be damage to the vessel wall, also the artery can spasm
Definition
why is it bad to puncture an artery when injecting medications?
Term
arteries deliver oxygenated blood, also, there are more veins and so there are alternate drainage routes for the veins, where the arteries are limited
Definition
why is damaging a vein not as bad as an artery?
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