Term
| How many bones are there in the foot and ankle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many articulations are there in the foot and ankle |
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Definition
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Term
| How many synovial joints are there in the foot and ankle |
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Definition
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Term
| The bones of the ankle and foot are interconnected by what |
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Definition
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Term
| the foot and ankle serve to convert the rotational movements that occur with weight bearing activities into what |
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Definition
| sagittal, frontal, and transverse movements |
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Term
| Lower Kinetic Chain functions to what (4) |
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Definition
| absorb shock, provide stance stability, propulsion, energy conservation |
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Term
| anatomically and biomechanically the foot is subdivided into what 3 sections |
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Definition
| rearfoot/hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot |
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Term
| rearfoot/hindfoot consists of what |
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Definition
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Term
| midfoot consists off what |
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Definition
| navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms |
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Term
| forefoot consists of what |
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Definition
| 14 bones of the toes, 5 metatarsals, medial and lateral sesamoids |
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Term
| valgus or varus may refer to the relationship between what 3 pairs? |
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Definition
| tibia and ground, tibia and calcaneus, rearfoot and forefoot |
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Term
| pronation and supination are component movements of which articulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| pronation and supination are component movements of the subtalar articulation, but affect what else |
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Definition
| joints proximal and distal to STJ |
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Term
| pronation and supination have what planes of motion |
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Definition
| frontal, sagittal, transverse |
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Term
| what must be considered in pronation and supination, in terms of the position of the foot? |
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Definition
| Non-weight bearing (open kinetic chain), weight bearing (closed kinetic chain) |
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Term
| open kinetic chain pronation requires what 3 motions |
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Definition
| calcaneal eversion(valgus), calcaneal abduction, calcaneal dorsiflexion |
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Term
| open kinetic chain supination involves what 3 motions |
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Definition
| calcaneal inversion(varus), calceneal adduction, calcaneal plantar flexion |
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Term
| open kinetic chain supination and pronation all involve which one bone |
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Definition
|
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Term
| closed kinetic chain pronation involves what 4 movements |
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Definition
| calceneal eversion (valgus), talar adduction (internal rotation), talar plantar flexion, internal rotation of tib/fib articulation |
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Term
| when does pronation occur |
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Definition
| directly after initial contact into midstance |
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Term
| functions of pronation (3) |
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Definition
| shock absorption, adjustment to uneven terrain, torque conversion |
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Term
| closed kinetic chain supination involves what 4 movements |
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Definition
| calcaneal inversion(varus), talar abduction (external rotation), talar dorsiflexion, tib/fib external rotation |
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Term
| when does supination occur |
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Definition
| from midstance through terminal stance |
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Term
| 2 functions of supination |
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Definition
| provides a rigid lever for propulsion, allows muscle pulleys to be established increasing efficiency of muscle function |
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Term
| midposition of the subtalar range of motion, zero pronation, and zero supination is known as what |
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Definition
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Term
| one third of the way through the total range of mtion of the subtalar joint from the fully everted position to full inversion |
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Definition
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Term
| resting position of foot/ankle |
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Definition
| 10 degrees of plantar flexion, foot in subtalar neutral |
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Term
| close packed position of foot and ankle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the distal tib/fib articulation is what type of joint |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does a syndesmosis lack |
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Definition
| articular cartilage, synovium |
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Term
| distal tib/fib articulation is supported by what |
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Definition
| ant/post tib-fib ligaments, transverse ligament, interosseous membrane |
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Term
| the ankle joint is made up of what |
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Definition
| talus, distal fibula, distal tibia |
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Term
| which facet of the talus is wider? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ankle joint capsule attaches to what 3 surfaces |
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Definition
| margins of talar articular surfaces, tibia and fibula, dorsal neck of talus |
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Term
| what is the ankle joint capsule lined by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ankle joint capsule is well supported medially and laterally by what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does the subtalar joint consist of |
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Definition
| articulation between anterior, medial, and posterior facets of talus and calcaneus |
|
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Term
| what shape does the talus take: con_____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are shape is the anterior and middle facet of the subtalar joint? con_____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| subtalar joint allows for motion in how many planes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| subtalar joint allows for rotation around what axis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how does the subtalar joint tilt? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how does the subtalar joint glide? |
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Definition
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Term
| transverse tarsal joint aka |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the transverse tarsal joint/chopart's joint consist of what articulations |
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Definition
| talonavicular, calcaneocuboid |
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Term
| transverse tarsal joint/chopart's joint consist of what axes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what movements does the transverse tarsal joint/chopart's joint allow for? |
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Definition
| inversion/eversion, Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, abduction, adduction |
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Term
| movement of the transverse tarsal joint/chopart's joint occurs in conjunction with what |
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Definition
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Term
| transverse tarsal joint axes are _______ in neutral/pronation |
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Definition
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Term
| when the transverse tarsal joint axes are parallel in neutral/pronation it allows for what |
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Definition
| loose packing the joint and increasing motion |
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Term
| what happens to the transverse tarsal joint axes when in supination |
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Definition
| axes are divergent, allowing little motion |
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Term
| how is the ankle joint locked? |
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Definition
| STJ supinates, tranverse tarsal joint pronates |
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Term
| how is the ankle joint unlocked? |
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Definition
| STJ pronates, transverse tarsal supinates |
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Term
| a pronated foot results in decreased what between rearfoot and forefoot |
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Definition
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Term
| a pronated foot results in decreased twisting between what and what? |
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Definition
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Term
| in a pronated foot the axes of transverse tarsal joint are what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in a pronated foot what axes are parallel |
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Definition
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Term
| a supinated foot results in increased what between rearfoot and forefoot |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a supinated foot results in increased twisting between what and what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in a supinated foot the axes of transverse tarsal joints are what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what kind of joint is the the talonavicular artiuclation? |
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Definition
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Term
| talar head of the talonavicular joint is what shape |
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Definition
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Term
| navicular of the talonavicular articulation is what shape |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the key bone in the medial plantar arch |
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Definition
|
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Term
| calacaneocuboid articulation is what type of joint |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what bone is the key bone in the lateral plantar arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the calcaneocuboid articulation, what shape are the Superior/Inferior surfaces of the calcaneus |
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Definition
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Term
| in the calcaneocuboid articulation what shape are the medial/lateral surface of the calcaneus |
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Definition
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Term
| in the calcaneocuboid articulation what shape are the medial/lateral surfaces of the cuboid |
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Definition
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Term
| in the calcaneocuboid articulation what shape are the superior/inferior surfaces of the cuboid |
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Definition
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Term
| tarsometatarsal joint aka |
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Definition
|
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Term
| tarsometatarsal joint/lisfranc's joint is what type of joint |
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Definition
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Term
| the tarsometatarsal joitn allows for what motion of ALL the metatarsals |
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Definition
|
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Term
| tarsometatarsal joint/lisfranc's joint allows for what motion of MT's 1 and 5 ONLY |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what forms the transverse arch? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the apex of the transverse metatarsal arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| the metatarsal head of the metatarsalphalangeal joint is what shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| the proximal phalanx of the metatarsalphalangeal joint is what shape |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of freedom does the metatarsal phalangeal joints have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 degrees of freedom of teh metatarsal phalangeal joints? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| metatarsalphalangeal joints flex ROM |
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Definition
|
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Term
| metatarsalphalangeal joint ext ROM |
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Definition
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Term
| extension of the metatarsalphalangeal joints creates tension in what |
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Definition
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Term
| extension of the metatarsalphalangeal joints creates tesnion in the plantar fascia, for what purpose? |
|
Definition
| stabilize foot during end of stance |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 1st MTP joint requires maximal extension during what |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st MTP joint requires maximal extension during toe off or pre-swing, requiring a minimum ROM Of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st MTP joint provides stability for foot through what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| any condition affecting depression of the 1st MT head results in what |
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Definition
| load transmission to 2nd and 3rd MT heads |
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Term
| the superior/inferior surfaces of the proximal phalanx of the interphalangeal joint are what shape |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the medial lateral surfaces of the proximal phalanx of the interphalangeal joints are what shape |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the superior/inferior surfaces of the distal phalanx of the interphalangeal joint are what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the medial/lateral surfaces of the distal phalanx of the interphalangeal joints are what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM of interphalnageal joints at PIP |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM of interphalangeal joints at IP |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are the 3 categories of ligaments of the foot and ankle complex? |
|
Definition
| medial/tibial collateral ligaments, lateral/fibular collateral ligaments, plantar ligaments |
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|
Term
| how are the lateral collateral ligaments injured? |
|
Definition
| plantar flexion with inversion |
|
|
Term
| what is the most commonly sprained lateral collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ligaments supports the transverse tarsal joint? |
|
Definition
| long and short plantar ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What support the medial and lateral arches of the foot? |
|
Definition
| tendons of posterior tibialis mm and fibularis longus mm |
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|
Term
| what increase the longitudinal arch? |
|
Definition
| extension of MTP creating tension on plantar fascia/aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| where does teh plantar fascia/aponeurosis extend from? |
|
Definition
| medial tubercle of the calcaneus |
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|
Term
| where does the plantar fascia/aponeurosis extend to? |
|
Definition
| bases of the proximal phalanx |
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|
Term
| medial longitudinal arch is supported by what statically? (4) |
|
Definition
| plantar fascia, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, spring ligament |
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|
Term
| medial longitudinal arch is supported by what dynamically? (3) |
|
Definition
| posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| what is the transverse arch formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transverse arch extends to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral arch is known as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral arch formed by |
|
Definition
| cuboid, calcaneus, 4th MT, 5th MT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides cushioning for plantar aspect of calcaneus |
|
|
Term
| what increases the thickness of the heel/fat pad |
|
Definition
| containment through external support, appropriately fitting shoes |
|
|
Term
| what provides cutaneous distribution to the medial aspect of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest cutaenous branch of the femoral nn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what provides sensory and motor innervation for the foot and leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sciatic nn divides into what |
|
Definition
| common fibular nn, tibial nn |
|
|
Term
| common fibular nn divides into what |
|
Definition
| superficial fibular nn, deep fibular nn |
|
|
Term
| tibial nn divides into what (4) |
|
Definition
| sural, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar |
|
|
Term
| What provides main blood supply to the foot |
|
Definition
| anterior tibial and posterior tibial artery |
|
|
Term
| anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery are two branches of what artery |
|
Definition
|
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