Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Food Animal Cardiology + Hemolymphatic
Midterm
76
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
10/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Name 4 causes of AFib.
Definition
GI disturbance
Adult Hyperkalemia
Neonatal Diarrhea
L to R shunting
Term
In what species is sinus arrhythmia common?
Definition
Camelids
Term
Is this a L to R or R to L shunt? Foramen Ovale.
Definition
R to L
Term
Is this a L to R or R to L shunt? Ductus Arteriosus
Definition
R to L
Term
Does cyanosis occur with L to R or R to L shunts?
Definition
R to L
Term
What is the most common R to L shunt?
Definition
Tetralogy of Fallot
Term
What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Definition
RV outflow obstruction
Dextropositioned aorta
Perimembranous VSD
RV hypertrophy
Term
What is recommended for TOF animals?
Definition
Do not breed
Term
What murmur is heard & where w/ TOF?
Definition
Systolic over pulmonary valve (Lt 3-4 ICS)
Term
Is this a L to R or R to L shunt? VSD
Definition
L to R
Term
What is the most common CV defect of food animals?
Definition
VSD
Term
Is this a L to R or R to L shunt? ASD
Definition
L to R
Term
Is this a L to R or R to L shunt? PDA
Definition
L to R
Term
What is the most common form of ASD? In what animals is it most common?
Definition
FO; Calves
Term
What are the usual CS of ASD?
Definition
Asymptomatic
Term
In what animals is PDA most commonly diagnosed?
Definition
Premature; Pulmonary hypertension
Term
What valve is most commonly affected by VVE?
Definition
Tricuspid
Term
What is the most common etiologic agent of VVE?
Definition
A. pyogenes
Term
What are 4 possible chronic infections leading to VVE?
Definition
Foot Abscesses, Rumenitis, Liver Abscesses, Omphalophlebitis
Term
What is the most consistent finding of VVE?
Definition
Tachycardia
Term
When should blood cultures for VVE Dx be taken?
Definition
Prior to Abx administration
Term
What is Cor Pulmonale?
Definition
Rt sided HF caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension
Term
Ingestion of ____ can worsen Cor Pulmonale.
Definition
Locoweed
Term
What is the primary cause of Brisket Dz in calves?
Definition
Hypoxic vasoconstriction from rapid exposure to high altitude (>6000ft)
Term
What are uncommon findings w/ brisket dz?
Definition
Pleural & Pericardial effusion
Term
_____ is the only myopathy of significance in LAs.
Definition
DCM
Term
What is the best test for confirmation of myocardial dz?
Definition
Echocardiography
Term
What is the best clin path test for myocardial dz?
Definition
cTnI
Term
What are the characteristic heart lesions of mulberry heart dz?
Definition
More rounded & purple w/ pale streaks in the myocardium
Term
Where does the mass usually start w/ Adult Bovine Lymphosarcoma?
Definition
RA
Term
What are the 4 most common locations of adult bovine LSA?
Definition
RA
Abomasum
Spinal Cord (Epidural space)
Uterus
Term
What is the most common pericardial dz of cattle?
Definition
TRP
Term
What is the best test for TRP?
Definition
Echocardiogram
Term
Arrhythmias in cattle re most often associated w/ _____.
Definition
GIT dysfunction
Term
What is the Tx of choice for AFib?
Definition
IV Quinidine
Term
Name an important alkaloid-containing plant.
Definition
Yew (Taxus)
Term
What is the key point regarding cardiotoxic plants?
Definition
Prevention
Term
Which form of LSA is BLV-associated?
Definition
Enzootic/Adult
Term
What is the most common form of LSA?
Definition
Enzootic
Term
What is the origin of Enzootic Lymphoma?
Definition
B-cells
Term
_____% of BLV-infected cows have lymphoma.
Definition
1.7%
Term
What is the most common neoplasia in NWC?
Definition
Lymphoma
Term
What is the median age of alpacas w/ Lymphoma?
Definition
0.8yrs (0.2-2)
Term
What is the median age of llamas with lymphoma?
Definition
5.5yrs (0.3-15)
Term
What is the origin of camelid lymphoma?
Definition
T-cell or Mixed
Term
Describe the important cell structural component of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Why is this important?
Definition
Cell wall high in lipid content facilitates survival w/i macrophages
Term
What is the most effective Tx of CLA?
Definition
Surgical excision
Term
If draining a CLA abscess, what is an important step?
Definition
Catch the exudate
Term
What is the most important factor in deciding whether or not to perform a transfusion?
Definition
Overall condition of the animal (Will the stress of transfusion cause death?)
Term
How much blood is typically administered in a transfusion?
Definition
10-15mL/kg
Term
What is an important component of the equipment for blood transfusion?
Definition
Inline filter
Term
What is the maximum rate of blood transfusion?
Definition
20mL/kg/h
Term
What is the #1 sign of transfusion rxn?
Definition
Hyperthermia
Term
What is the Tx for transfusion rxn?
Definition
Epinephrine (4-5mL IM/adult)
Term
How much blood is safe to remove from a donor?
Definition
10-15mL/kg
Term
What is the most common 1* cause of vasculitis?
Definition
Septicemia
Term
What is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia <100,000 plt?
Definition
Shortened plt lifespan
Term
What is the Tx for thrombocytopenia?
Definition
Plt-rich plasma
Term
What must be considered as a Ddx in all neonates w/ thrombocytopenia?
Definition
Alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Term
Normal coagulation can be viewed by these 3 key rxns:
Definition
Formation & activation of Factor X
Formation of thrombin
Formation of fibrin
Term
DIC is always a _____ process in LA, commonly associated w/ _____.
Definition
2*; Septicemia
Term
What is the net result of any triggering mechanism of DIC?
Definition
Exaggerated production of thrombin --> Widespread microcirculatory thrombosis, ischemia, necrosis
Term
What is the Tx for DIC? What can worsen DIC?
Definition
IV fluids for organ perfusion; Corticosteroids
Term
What are Vit K-dependent CFs?
Definition
II, VII, IX, X
Term
What causes sweet clover toxicosis?
Definition
Ingestion of moldy sweet clover in hay or silage (Grazing sweet clover is not a problem)
Term
Name 7 dz that produce anemia or icterus:
Definition
Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Bacillary Hburia, Lepto, Toxins, Liver dz, Cu toxicity in sheep
Term
What is Tx for Anaplasmosis?
Definition
LA Oxytetracycline
Term
KEy to prevent _____ of anaplasmosis.
Definition
Transmission
Term
What are the 2 species of Babesia that are of greatest concern?
Definition
bigemina & bovis
Term
_____ increases in all cases of Babesiosis.
Definition
Urine K+
Term
What PCV is a poor Px indicator in Babesiosis?
Definition
<10%
Term
Bacillary Hburia is most common w/ _____.
Definition
Liver fluke infestation
Term
What is the Plus in Ivomec Plus?
Definition
Clorsulon
Term
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is ____
Definition
2*
Term
The goal in Tx of water intoxication is to reduce Na+ to _____.
Definition
120-125 mmol/L
Term
Who is most susceptible to copper toxicosis?
Definition
Sheep, especially lambs
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