Algonquins (e.g., Pequots)

Native American linguistic group found around the Great Lakes. They were based upon agriculture, fishing, and trade. (seasonal) Other groups: Massachusetts, Powhatan.

Iroquois

Native American linguistic group found in the Northeast and Canada (around the St. Lawrence River). They were based upon agriculture, fishing, and trade. (sedentary)

Delawares (Lenni Lapes)

Native American linguistic group found in DE, NJ, and NY. (sedentary) Part of the fur trade with the Dutch.

Founded in 1607.

1624: Becomes a royal colony

1622: Leads rebellion against English colonist in Jamestown.

1644: Leads another rebellion, less successful, "reservations" are set up

- Pueblo

    agriculture

    adobe buildings

    sedentary

    not very warlike (except during Pope Rebellion         1680)

- Apache, Commanche

   moved around

   warlike

hunters and gathers                (Ex.: Ute, Shoshone)

nomade

• agriculture
• fishing
• good life, very prosperous

• fishing -> long canoe
• prosperous
• potlatch -> wealth was shared, land was held in common

• Eskimo/Inuit: fishing villages

• trip from Africa to New World
• 10-12 million Africans

• colonies benefical to home country
• exports larger than imports to gain wealth
• wealth meant gold and silver (bullionism)
• amount of wealth assumed
• gain wealth from other countries by trading or wars.

1637

Hostilities between English settlers in the Connecticut Valley and Pequots Indians. Natives almost wiped out.

1. 1675-1676
2. Pretty damaging to Europeans because Native Americans started to use flintlock rifles. English won in the end.

1. 1675-1676, Virginia
2. Nathaniel Bacon was not happy with Berkeley's holding of the N.A. territory line and monopoly of the fur trade.
3. Bacon would die before his resolved problems, so Berkeley stayed in power.
4. Led to more use of African American slaves because they were less likely to rebel like the indentured servants.

accommodation between Native Americans and Europeans, usually due to the fur trade.

Hurons and French were the main groups.

• French and Spanish were inclusive, English (and Dutch) were not.
• Spanish realized that they couldn't take over the Native Americans, so they included them.

series of laws which restricted the use of foreignshipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651.

Pretty much all trade from the New World went through England.

• 1642-1649 during Charles I's reign
• due to religion (Puritans in Scotland and Protestants in England) and politics
• Over thrown by Oliver Cromwell

• 1660-1685
• 1660: Charles II comes back to power, "real" English government comes back to power.
• Puritans rule, but other religions are accepted.

• Winthrop in Massachusetts Bay.
• Jesuits were their allies.

Pilgrims

• Plymouth - 1620
• <100 people
• Mostly self-sufficient
• Less dependent on England.
• Located in New England

• Mass. Bay - 1630 under Winthrop
• >1,000 people
• Trade-based, thus dependent on England

• Found mostly in PA
• No clergy
• Pacifists
• No distinction of ranks
• Get along with the N.A.
• Make treaties with N.A.

Royal Colony

vs.

Self-governing

King names governor

vs.

People name governor

• 1603-1714
• Includes King James I, Charles I, and Civil War

• 1603-1625
• "no bishop, no king"

• 1625-1649
• Rules w/o Parliament from 1629-1640
• Power struggle between him and Parliament

• 1660-1685
• Lots of critics

King James II

(Duke of York)

• 1685-1688
• Brings Catholics into high offices
• Weakened power of nobles and gentry

• 1688-1689
• William & Mary now rulers
• Toleration Act and Bill of Rights (1689)

• 1689-1692
• When Leisler took over lower New York.

• 1696
• Starts to tighten trade, but still loose.

• New England
• Based upon early industry, fishing, trade, farming (not that much)

• NY, NJ, PA, DE
• Based upon agriculture, trade = more balanced

• MD, VA, Chesapeake colonies, GA
• Based upon agriculture, plantations, trade

Chesapeake: 1640s - 1660s

Virginia: 1619s

• 1720s: NJ and middle colonies, started by Tennents
• 1730s: New England, Johnatan Edwards
• 1740s: South, George Whitfield

18th century France and Europe as a whole

 Term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority.^[1]

• right to change government or overthrow it
• secular
• popular participation in government
• religious toleration
• part of Glorious Revolution

up to 1700s: governors had more power

1700s to 1763: balanced

after 1763: colonial assembly