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| 914-1924 Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) changed to Leningrad. |
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| communists and fascists want total control. |
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| the battle in Italy for self-sufficiency—a contest hosted by Mussolini. |
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| leader of Hitler’s private army. |
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Orwell
Satire of the totalitarian regime |
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| Involved in the russian cival war, in the 1920's everyone who was against the communists. the Red Army was the Communists (Bolsheviks) |
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Lateran Accords
Agreement between the pope and Mussolini. The Catholic Church received payment to keep quiet about what Mussolini was doing..aka being evil |
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| Number 2 killer in the History of the world, and he was a really insame, delusional Nazi leader who killed tons of people |
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| Hitler's Book, translates to "My Struggles" |
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| John Stinbeck's book about the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression |
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| Big Government is watching, and becoming more intrusive, very good novel |
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| German democracy after Kaiser leaves throne |
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| In charge of press/culture/enlightenment propaganda |
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| Hitler was put in prison because of this |
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| Spanish civil War, by Himmingway |
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| Night of the Broken Glass |
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T.S. Elliot
The collapse of European civilization |
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| Lenin was thrown out of Germany. However, he was recaptured by the Germans then released into Russia and was soon leading the Bolsheviks |
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| Wilson's Plan for Peace, however it did not work :( |
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| Germany had to pay reparations, lost colonial possession, lost land in Europe, their army was reduced down to 100,000 men, they also had to get rid of all military equipment |
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| War of Guilt Clause. Germany had to sign this, admitting that the war was their entire fault |
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| the reason why the US didn't sign the Treaty of Versailles. They were afraid the League of Nations would have the ability to hold American troops without the consent of Congress |
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America- President Wilson
Italy - Orlando
France - Clemenceau
England- George |
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| Reference to Shakespeare's play, Play on words for Uncle Sam. Inter-Allied War debt. The US wanted France and England to pay their war debt |
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| Reduces annual payment, provides additional loans, and extends the amount of time for repayment. German reparations for the war. |
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| Reduces the amount Germany had to pay back, and Germany is given 58 years to pay it off. |
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| In order for water to come out of a well, you must put water in it. US pays Germany, who has no money, and then Germany pays France and England, who in turn, pay the US back for war debt. |
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| Predecessor to the UN. Formed after WWI to promote international peace and security. |
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| In Washington, President Harding calls it. They are meeting to resolve issues in the Pacific Ocean area, they wanted to reduce the number of warships. |
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| Tonnage (with US as the standard): US-5, England-5, Japan-3, Italy-1.67, and France- 1.67. They are not allowed to build warships for ten years. |
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| US, Britain, Japan, and France. They will use diplomacy to solve problems, and are avoiding war. |
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| China, they wanted open door trade. All agree to not invade or overthrow the Chinese Government. The reason for all of this is because everyone is afraid Japan will take over China. |
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| Reinforces the Treaty of Versailles. A bunch of countries agree to the boundaries set by the Treaty—however, it fails. |
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| Britain, US, and Japan, all still discussing the problems in the Pacific. |
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| How the US officially ended WWI |
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| When President Harding signs a resolution declaring that the war with Germany was over. |
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| Independent Internationalism |
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| Isolationism. The US cuts themselves off politically, did not join any international organizations, but they were still actively involved economically—still spending money around the world. |
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| Hoover’s offer to England |
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| offers to forgive all their debts, if they give the US Honduras, Trinidad, and Bermuda—the British decline. |
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| the idea that the League of Nations will come together and stop aggression. They cannot do this because the US is not involved. |
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| thought of collective security—Prime minister of England. |
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| the leader controls every aspect of everyone’s lives. |
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| What WWII was fought over—complete totalitarianism. Leader is a dictator. Different from communism in that there is belief in private property. |
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| A failure of collective security. Italy invades Ethiopia, and no one does anything to stop them. |
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| the fascist leader of Italy |
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| Spanish Republic is fighting the Fascists. The Spanish Republic is very left winged, socialist. Fascist leader of Spain is Francisco Franco, who is helped by Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler—fascists). He wins the civil war. Hitler uses this as an opportunity to use the Blitzkrieg. Francisco Franco is the only Fascist still in power after WWII—manages this because he stays out of the war. |
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| 200-300 Americans who aided the Spanish Republic, because they didn’t want Spain to become Fascist. |
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| Appeasement—giving in to the dictator, British prime minister. |
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| Why did England and France appease Germany? |
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| Britain was not ready for another war (Germany was treated to hard in the treaty of Versailles, so Britain decided to give them a break.), France was only prepared for defensive war, and the US was not around to help out. |
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| Fascists. Japan, Italy, Germany—Axis Powers. (RUSSIA IS NOT FASCIST) |
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| 1939—Germany and Russia trying to buy time to get ready to fight one another. |
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| Hitler’s Foreign Policy aims |
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| Destruction of the Treaty of Versailles, to eliminate racial inferiors, and the conquest and colonization of Eastern Europe. (HITLER IS NOT A COMMUNIST) |
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| number Jews who died in the Holocaust. (3 million are from Poland alone) |
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| the Holocaust, par t of Hitler’s plan to get rid of all the racial inferiors. Aryan Race—the ultimate race—what Hitler wanted to create. |
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| Lightning war. Throw everything they have at whoever is attacking, bomb them quickly and leave. |
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| Fight between the Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe (German air force). Britain starts using radar—turns the tide so Britain isn’t totally destroyed. Blitzkrieg doesn’t work if the radar spots them beforehand. |
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| Americans attempting to decipher Japanese codes. US had the ability to with the magic machines—but there is not enough manpower to decode all the messages. US had some idea of what was going on, but they didn’t think Japan was really going to do anything. |
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| Japanese attack on the U.S. –incentive for WWII. December 7, 1941. |
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| A ship leaving Germany after the night of the broken glass, looking for an asylum in Central America. The Jews are turned away—so they go to Miami. The US turns them away, so the ship must return to France. Two Stories—the people are taken away by the Nazis, or they integrate into French society and hide out until the end of the war. |
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| the idea that the Japanese weren’t afraid of the US super weapons—because they didn’t think there was anything worse that the napalm. |
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| The Babies have been delivered |
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| At Potsdam, Truman receives notification that the atomic bomb has been successfully tested. |
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| a Japanese city bombed by atomic bomb. |
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| a Japanese city bombed by atomic bomb. |
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| Russia joins the war against Japan. |
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| Ends the Russo-Japanese war; it is signed in New Hampshire. Teddy Roosevelt acts as the mediator. Japanese leave unhappy because they did not get as much land as they had hoped for. |
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| Hitler agrees to not take the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. He promises this to Neville Chamberlain. |
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| Truman, Churchill, Atlee, and Stalin declare that Japan will face and prompt and utter destruction if they do not surrender. |
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| Roosevelt and Churchill meeting in Newfoundland to discuss war aims. |
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| In Iran, FDR, Churchill, and Stalin reach an agreement for the invasion of Germany (their war plan for Germany). Stalin promises to enter the war against Japan. |
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| In French Morocco—FDR and Churchill are meeting and come up with unconditional Axis surrender. They also reject Stalin’s idea of a second front. |
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| Churchill and Stalin meeting in Moscow, Churchill somewhat sets the stage for Stalin controlling Eastern Europe after the war. It lets Stalin know that he is not going to be challenged if he assumes control of Eastern Europe. FDR is very upset by this. |
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| Churchill, FDR, and Stalin agree to 1. The four power occupation of Germany (France is 4th power) 2. A founding conference for the UN 3.Soviet Union officially agrees to join the war against Japan after Germany’s defeat. 4. It also guarantees a representative government in Poland. |
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| Response to NATO, a defensive alliance between the Eastern European countries (communist countries). |
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| comes from the Munich conference, and chamberlain tells the people that war is not going to happen because of what Hitler had said during the Munich conference. |
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| the political and economic struggle between the Western capitalist democratic powers, and the communist bloc after WWII. Involves massive military buildup, intense economic competition, and strained hostile diplomatic relations. |
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| the political and economic struggle between the Western capitalist democratic powers, and the communist bloc after WWII. Involves massive military buildup, intense economic competition, and strained hostile diplomatic relations. |
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| Plan to rebuild Europe after WWII. Plan to give them money so they won’t turn to communism. |
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| USA Recognition of Russia |
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| it takes 16 years after the Bolshevik Revolution for the US recognize Russia. The US only recognizes them as a country because of the Great Depression. During the Great Depression, the Russian economy is the only one that’s growing. |
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| Supported containment, the Truman Doctrine, and the Marshall Plan. |
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| The Russia leader during the Cuban Missile crisis. |
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| Truman justifies aiding Greece and Turkey, saying that he wanted to keep them from falling to communism. Sets up the idea of containment. |
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| comes up with the idea of mutual defense pacts. |
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| Foreign policy before the Cold War—Eisenhower. The idea of pushing back communism. Liberating the countries that are communist. It fails, sadly. |
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| example of the liberation failing. US tells Hungary that if they fight against communism, they will back them up. The US however, did not. |
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| the idea of keeping the Communists where they are, and keeping them from expanding. This fails, because China becomes Communist. –Truman |
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| the fear of communists in the US. –McCarthyism. |
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| the idea that if the Russians step over the line, the US will nuke them. This fails too. Because the Soviet Union knows that the US is not willing to protect anything but Europe. |
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| (Massive Retaliation) US has weapons that can do much harm with little effort. |
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| Bringing communists to the brink of war, and they will back down. The idea of good vs. evil. EX: Cuban missile crisis |
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| Khrushchev wants to put missiles in Cuba. Kennedy does not agree. Russia brings the ships over, and the US blockades them. –Brinkmanship, bring Soviets to brink of war, and they will back down (however, JFK gave in a little too). |
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| speech by Stalin, he says he will spread communism over the world |
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| Churchill, Says there is a division between the East and the West. |
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| Creates the Dept of Defense, the CIA, and the NSC. |
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| Document coming from the NSC and it states that the US will be the police force against communism. |
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| combines the job of Secretary of War and the Secretary of Navy. |
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| Responsible for collecting information outside the country. |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Defensive alliance to safeguard against the Soviets. |
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| pilot of the U2 spy plane shot down over Russia. |
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| Leader of China who is defeated by Mao Tse Tung. |
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| Communist leader after the fall of China. |
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| Where Chiang Kai-Shek fees to |
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| Communists in the North fighting the capitalists in the South. |
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| NATO and Warsaw pacts, all the alliances that agree to defend one another. |
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| the training of native police forces by American military and technical advisers—Special forces unit, or Green Berets |
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| Invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles—US said they would back them up, but they didn’t. |
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| Kennedy claiming the Russians have more missiles than the US. Intensifies the arms race. |
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| Separates East Berlin (Communist) and West Berlin (Capitalist). |
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| Stalin puts a blockade around West Berlin—US airlifts supplies into West Berlin. |
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the idea of mistrust and friendship. (When the US is allies with the Soviet—(beginning of
Cold War) |
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| Russian version of Vietnam. Russia is helping Afghanistan, but they start losing so they back out of the war. US assists the terrorist groups fighting against the Russians. |
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| Carter tells the world that the US will go to war with them over the Persian Gulf (directed towards Soviet Union). |
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| won the battle for Britain near the beginning of WWII. |
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