Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
na
89
Anatomy
Kindergarten
12/09/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The content of the Client assessment should match the.....
Definition
Content of the therapeutic recreation programs
Term
List the Steps in the Therapeutic Recreation Process
Definition
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Documentation
Term
Clients should be places in therapeutic recreation intervention programs based on what?
Definition
Client need
Term
name and define the three types of Validity
Definition
Criterion-Related Validity
How accurate does the performance on the assessment predict the future performance.
Content Validity
How well does the content of this procedure constitute an adequate sample
Construct Validity
How well can performance on the assessment be explained in terms of psychological characteristics
Term
Client assessment information helps the specialist to?
Definition
Develop goals and objectives for the client
Term
Difference between reliability and validity
Definition
Reliability- refers to the results obtained with an assessment instrument and not the instrument itself.

Validity-inferred from available evidence
Term
Error Variance or error of measurement can be defined as?
Definition
The difference between a person’s real ability and his or her obtained score
Term
What are the steps to develop an assessment instrument
Definition
1. Determine the purpose of the assessment
2. Develop the test specifications
3. Select and prepare appropriate items
4. Validate items and the assessment
Term
Stability of an assessments results over time can be tested by
Definition
Administering both forms of the assessment to one group (Test-Retest)
Term
Goals and objectives must be?
Definition
Observable
Measurable
Objective
Term
Reviewing a client’s record before an assessment interview may help the specialist to?
Definition
Establish rapport more quickly with the client
Term
The three rationales for Therapeutic Recreation Services?
Definition
That everyone needs, wants, and deserves recreation
That people will experience barriers
Individuals with disabilities experience more frequent, sever, or lasting barriers.
Term
As error increases, the _____ in the validity and reliability of results decreases
Definition
Confidence
Term
Four reasons why Therapeutic Recreation is unique
Definition
1. Focus on ability rather dysfunction or pathology
2. Focus on leisure abilities as a major aspect of life functioning
3. Focus on use of skills in the community
4.Focus on a combination of cognitive understanding, physical abilities, and social and emotional skills.
Term
How many items should a therapeutic recreation service assessment have
Definition
Enough to cover the content
Term
List the five steps in Assessment PLANNING
Definition
1. Analyze the environment
2. Define the parameters
3. Select/ Develop Assessment
4. Establish Protocols
5. Train Staff
Term
Three steps in developing an Assessment
Definition
1. Planning the Assessment
2. Item Writing
3. Item Analysis and Item Testing
Term
Difference between open ended questions and close-ended questions
Definition
Open ended- fill in the blank, short answer, they allow you to get more in-depth with the client
Close-ended- true false, matching, multiple choice. Easier to score and categorize and help you find out general information.
Term
True/False question are what type of questions?
Definition
Close Ended
Term
What are the guidelines to selecting the appropriate item types in creating an agency specific assessment.
Definition
1. Purpose of the assessment
2. Client level of information about the topic at hand
3. Ease or difficulty with which the information can be communicated
4. Specialists insight into the clients situations and potential responses.
Term
What is a direct approach in terms of Interviewing
Definition
A series of questions targeted at a specific purpose.
Term
In special case formats you have two different types? What are they and explain them
Definition
Contingency= coupling 2 types of questions
Matrix= looks consistent and is easy to score and for a participant to take if the directions are explained correctly.
Term
What is Client-centered approach
Definition
Less structure and the content and timing is left to the administer.
Term
The 4 steps involved in assessing your assessment
Definition
1. Content
2. Question Writing
3. Question and Response Formats
4. Ethical Issues
Term
Primary and Secondary Questions
Definition
Primary- used to introduce a question
Secondary-follow up questions
Term
Types of Interviews
Definition
1. Information Giving
2. Information Gathering
3. Selection
4. Problems with interviewees behavior
5. Problems with interviewers behavior
6. Problem Solving
7. Persuasion
Term
Neutral and Leading Questions
Definition
Neutral- What color is my hair?
Leading- What do you think about my hair today?
Term
5 factors used in Constructing Questions
Definition
1. Language
2. Relevance
3. Information Level
4. Complexity
5. Accessibility
Term
Structure of an interview
Definition
Opening, body and closing
Term
What are the Recording Methods used in Observation
Definition
1. Checklists
2. Rating Scales
3. Anecdotal Records
4. Critical Incident Records
Term
Advantages of Checklists
Definition
Leaves little room for interpretation
Easy to administer, score and interpret
Term
Disadvantages of Rating Scales
Definition
More difficult to construct because of precision needed to reduce interpretations
Difficult to use one form for all clients if desired behaviors differ
Personal biases
Term
Advantages of Anecdotal Records
Definition
Provides snapshots of the meaningful incidents and events in the lives of clients
Allows for recording behaviors in a nonstandardized format
Term
What are the four Recording Techniques used in observations
Definition
1. Frequency/ Tally
2. Duration
3. Interval
4. Instantaneous Time Sampling
Term
What does NCTRC stand for
Definition
National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification
Term
What are the 3 Levels of exchange?
Definition
Relatively safe?
More intimate and controversial
Highly intimate and controversial
Term
Under what circumstances would a therapeutic recreation specialist develop an assessment rather than purchase one?
Definition
If they can not find one that is appropriate for their assessment or does not fit the needs of their client. Also, they can be expensive so if the TR specialist doesn’t have the money to purchase, making one up would be beneficial.
Term
What are the 3 purposes for Interviewing?
Definition
Gain Information
Develop a Relationship
Orient Client to program
Term
Client assessment information helps the specialist to:
Develop goals and objectives for the client


Create program protocol
Analyze which activities are best suited for client participation
Evaluate program or treatment protocols.
Definition
C: Analyze which activities are best suited for client participation
Term
All of the following organizations have standards for therapeutic recreation assessment EXCEPT:
Joint Commission on Accreditation f Health Care Organizations.


National Recreation and Park Association.
American Therapeutic Recreation Association.
Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission.
Definition
B: National Recreation and Park Association
Term
What areas are likely to be included in a therapeutic recreation client assessment?
Annual income and earning potential.


Functional abilities and leisure patterns.


Leisure theory and self-efficacy measures.


None of the above.
Definition
Functional abilities and leisure patterns.
Term
What factors may lower reliability of an assessment's results?
Definition
client attitude
setting of assessment
length of assessment
time of day
Term
Validity relates to which of the following questions?

How well does the assessment content match the program content?


Does each client recieve the same score?


Is the assessment administered the same way every time?


Are the two forms of this test similar?
Definition
How well does the assessment content match the program content?
Term
One of the first steps in developing a client assessment for therapeutic recreation is to:
Question options:

Write questions for the interview.


Test the assessment on a small group of clients.


Specify the client outcomes upon which the assessment will be built.


Decide whether interviews or observations will be used.
Definition
Specify the client outcomes upon which the assessment will be built.
Term
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps to develop an assessment instrument?

I. Determine the purpose of the assessment.

II. Develop the test specifications.

III. Select and prepare appropriate items.

IV. Validate items and the assessment.
Definition
I, II, III, IV
Term
Tess recieved the highest score on the Leisure Resources Knowledge Test. This statement uses which type of score interpretation?
Definition
Norm-Referenced
Term
Explain the difference between Norm-Referenced Results and Criterion-Referenced Results
Definition
criterion referenced results are compared to a set of standards that were already made up. norm is how did the test score compare to that of the group
Term
All of the following are true statements EXCEPT:

Question options:

Validity is inferred by collecting evidence but is not directly measured.


A test that is valid for individuals with mental retardation is valid for individuals with brain injury.


A test instrument itself cannot be valid.


Validity is important to the credibility or confidence placed in the reults.
Definition
A test that is valid for individuals with mental retardation is valid for individuals with brain injury.
Term
Stability of assessment results over time can be tested by:

Question options:

Giving the assessment to a wide variety of audiences.


Administering both forms of the assessment to one group.


Building a test blue print or table of specifications.


Performing a test-retest.
Definition
Performing a test-retest.
Term
Measuring the internal consistency of an instrument is important when:

Question options:

The assessment has over 100 items.


The test-retest showed poor results.


People of various ethnic backgrounds will be taking the test.


One test will be given one time to one group.
Definition
One test will be given one time to one group.
Term
The purpose of defining parameters of the assessment is to:

Analyze the characteristics of the agency, clients, and department.


Understand why and what the assessment should do.


Match client outcomes with treatment goals.


Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention programs.
Definition
Understand why and what the assessment should do.
Term
Which of the following program titles would be most appropriate for the goal: "To provide programs that improve the clients' awareness of the need for leisure and its value in maintaining a healthy balance?"

Functional Intervention


Leisure attitudes.


Social interaction skills.


Recreation Participation.
Definition
Leisure attitudes.
Term
Why is it important to analyze the environment as the first step to assessment planning
Definition
You analyze the environment to have a better understanding of exactly what you have to work with (facility, staff, resources, etc.). Then you can find an assessment built off of similar circumstances or built to fit the needs your organization, community, or client have.
Term
When does the assessment planning process take place?

Question options:

Before the assessment is administered to clients.


During program evaluation.


Before activity analysis and modification.


After efficacy research
Definition
Before the assessment is administered to clients.
Term
The four basic implementation strategies or ways to gather assessment data include all of the following EXCEPT:

Question options:

Interviews


Census Data


Observation


Self-Administered Instruments
Definition
Census Data
Term
What is the purpose of assessment protocols?

Question options:

To demonstrate the variance of different client groups.


To match the content of the assessment with the content of the program.


To improve the consistency of assessment administration, scoring, and interpretation.


To improve the intervention program delivery.
Definition
To improve the consistency of assessment administration, scoring, and interpretation.
Term
If the therapeutic recreation program focuses on functional intervention, leisure awareness, social interaction skills, and leisure activity skills, the assessment should focus on:

Question options:

Leisure history, family structure, leisure interests, and leisure activity skills.


Functional intervention, pain management, social networks, and leisure activity skills.


Demographics, leisure history, leisure patterns, leisure interests, and leisure activity skills.


Functional intervention, leisure awareness, social interaction skills, and leisure activity skills.
Definition
Functional intervention, leisure awareness, social interaction skills, and leisure activity skills.
Term
Reviewing a client's record before an assessment interview may help the specialist to:

Question options:

Observe dysfunctional family interactions.


Complete the treatment plan prior to the interview.


Establish rapport more quickly with the client.


Ask more open-ended questions.
Definition
Establish rapport more quickly with the client.
Term
A commercial assessment should be selected for use when it:

Question options:

Comes packaged with a test manual.


Includes directions for scoring and interpretation.


Is less expensive than an agency-specific assessment.


Has been validated for the proposed use and client group.
Definition
Has been validated for the proposed use and client group.
Term
To use the same assessment to reassess a client for outcomes at the end of participation, the assessment must be:

Question options:

Widely used and accepted in therapeutic recreation.


Administered to several groups of clients.


Norm referenced.


Valid, reliable, and measure small changes in the client.
Definition
Valid, reliable, and measure small changes in the client.
Term
Why is selecting and implementing the right assessment just as important as selecting and implementing the right programs?
Definition
So that you can make sure that the assessment is going to fit the clients needs and help to make the right placement for the client
Term
Which of the following is a possible source for locating therapeutic recreation assesments?

Question options:

Medical Journals.


Health care conferences


Therapeutic recreation journals


National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification
Definition
Therapeutic recreation journals
Term
The purpose of the assessment directly affects:

Question options:

The type of items used


Its validity


The confidence in the consistency of results


The norm group
Definition
The type of items used
Term
Improving the confidence in assessment results means that:

Question options:

Therapeutic recreation wukk achieve equal status with other professions.


Validity and reliability have been conducted.


Error has been increased beyond chance alone.


Clients are more likely to recieve the services to meet their needs.
Definition
Clients are more likely to recieve the services to meet their needs.
Term
In class we examined four tools used to aid in the evaluation for selection of a commercial assessment. Name three.
Definition
1) Assessment Selection Checklist

2) Guidelines for Using Published Assessment/Evaluation Instruments

3) Test Evaluation Form

4) Evaluation of an Assessment Instrument
Term
One of the practical considerations in evaluating a commercial assessment includes:

Question options:

Evidence of validity and reliability.


The availability of norm groups.


The internal consistency of the tool over time.


Required specialist qualifications, expertise, and training.
Definition
Required specialist qualifications, expertise, and training.
Term
As error increases, the ___________ in the validity and reliability of results decreases.

Question options:

Confidence


Variance


Calculation


Evidence
Definition
Confidence
Term
Which of the following is an example of collecting evidence of content validity?

Question options:

Giving the assessment two weeks apart to one group.


Matching the content of the assessment with the content of the program.


Creating two forms of one assessment.


Calculating a correlation between an assessment score and a criterion score.
Definition
Matching the content of the assessment with the content of the program.
Term
How many items should a therapeutic recreation services assessment have?

Question options:

More than 20 items but less than 100 items.


50 is an optimal number of items.


Enough to cover the content.


It does not matter.
Definition
Enough to cover the content.
Term
If an assessment was validated on a sample of adolescents with mental retardation, the assessment can be used with confidence for which of the following groups?

Question options:

Adults with mental retardation.


Adults with cognitive impairments.


Children with mental illness.


None of the above.
Definition
Adults with mental retardation.


Adults with cognitive impairments.


Children with mental illness.


None of the above.
Term
In a table of specifications the number of items within wach cell represents the weight that content is given in the therapeutic recreation:

Question options:

Comprehensive program design.


Treatment plan.


Written plan operation.


Performance improvement plan.
Definition
Comprehensive program design
Term
The content of the client assessment should match the:
Content of the therapeutic recreation programs.


Standards of the Joint Commission


Specialist's area of expertise.


Protocols for community reintegration programs.
Definition
Content of the therapeutic recreation programs.
Term
Clients should be placed in therapeutic recreation intervention programs based on:


The standards of the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification.


Client Need.


Need to fill programs.


The mission of the agency.
Definition
Client Need.
Term
What role do protocols play in client assessment? Why are they necessary? Why are they important?
Definition
Protocols are vital to client assessment. They ensure that every client is getting the right assessment, as well as getting it given to them in the correct way. It also it very important that people follow protocol so that others can read the assessment and know exactly what the person is talking about so that everyone can be on the same page for the treatment plan
Term
Validity relates to which of the following questions?


How well does the assessment content match the program content?


Does each client recieve the same score?


Is the assessment administered the same way every time?


Are the two forms of this test similar?
Definition
How well does the assessment content match the program content?
Term
One of the first steps in developing a client assessment for therapeutic recreation is to:


Write questions for the interview.


Test the assessment on a small group of clients.


Specify the client outcomes upon which the assessment will be built.


Decide whether interviews or observations will be used.
Definition
Specify the client outcomes upon which the assessment will be built.
Term
Explain the difference between Norm-Referenced Results and Criterion-Referenced Results.
Definition
Norm- Referenced results are when the results of the persons assessment is matched with those around the same age or ability level to see where they stand. Criterion-Referenced results are when there is a set of standards made for the assessment which every person taking the assessment should know, such as the ACT.
Term
The purpose of defining parameters of the assessment is to:


Analyze the characteristics of the agency, clients, and department.


Understand why and what the assessment should do.


Match client outcomes with treatment goals.


Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention programs.
Definition
Understand why and what the assessment should do.
Term
What is the purpose of assessment protocols?


To demonstrate the variance of different client groups.


To match the content of the assessment with the content of the program.


To improve the consistency of assessment administration, scoring, and interpretation.


To improve the intervention program delivery.
Definition
To improve the consistency of assessment administration, scoring, and interpretation
Term
Reviewing a client's record before an assessment interview may help the specialist to:


Observe dysfunctional family interactions.


Complete the treatment plan prior to the interview.


Establish rapport more quickly with the client.


Ask more open-ended questions.
Definition
Establish rapport more quickly with the client.
Term
When evaluating an assessment for use in a specific agency, which of the following best addresses the reliability of the assessment results?


The content of the assessment matches the content of the program.


The validation sample matches the population in the therapeutic recreation program.


The consistency of results for similar clients.


adequate protocols for assessment administration, scoring, interpreting, and reporting.
Definition
The content of the assessment matches the content of the program.
Term
When evaluating an assessment for use in a specific agency, which of the following is a major concern about the assessment implementation?


The content of the assessment matches the content of the program.


The validation sample matches the population in that therapeutic recreation program.


The consistency of results for similar clients.


Adequate protocols for assessment administration, scoring, interpretating, and reporting.
Definition
Adequate protocols for assessment administration, scoring, interpretating, and reporting.
Term
The purpose of the assessment directly affects:


The type of items used


Its validity


The confidence in the consistency of results


The norm group
Definition
The type of items used
Term
Please list two of the three purposes for interviewing.
Definition
Develop Rapport
Orient Client to program
Gain Knowledge
Term
In discussing the seven Considerations to Interviewing, we went through the three Levels of Exchange. Please list the three levels.
Definition
Relatively Safe
More intimate and complex
highly intimate and complex
Term
Please list 3 of the 5 Factors to Constructing Questions.
Definition
Complexity
Language
Accessibility
Information level
Term
To get the most representative behavior of the client, the specialist should make observations:

Question options:

When the client has the most energy and enthusiasm.


In the evening.


Whenever it is convenient.


In a natural setting whenever possible.
Definition
In a natural setting whenever possible.
Term
When antecedents, behavior, and consequences all need to be recorded, it is best to select _____________ as the recording method.

Question options:

Checklist


Rating Scales


Anecdotal Records


None of the above.
Definition
Anecdotal Record
Term
When the number of times a behavior occurs within a given period is of interest, the best recording technique is:

Question options:

Frequency


Duration


Checklists


Interval Recording
Definition
Frequency
Supporting users have an ad free experience!