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Final
for final exam
80
History
11th Grade
06/14/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Munich Pact
Definition
Agreement between Germany, Italy, France and Great Britain that appeased Hitler 
Term
Fascism 
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group the supreme authority of the leader 
Term
Nazism
Definition
Form of fascism shaped by Hitler's fanatical ideas about Germany
Term
Totalitarianism 
Definition
Exerts total control over a nation
Term
Communism
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of the whole over the individual 
Term
Treaty of Versailles 
Definition

Damaged Germany’s economy and pride greatly (so much so that the German people were desperate enough to turn to Hitler) – caused Holocaust/WWII. Mussolini believed strongly that Italy should have been granted more territory by the Treaty. 

Term
Appeasement 
Definition

giving into competitor's demands in order to keep the peace 

Practiced through Hitler 

Term
Nonaggression Pact with Soviet Union
Definition
Pact signed in 1939 by Germany and Soviet Union promising peace (HItler wanted to avoid a war on two fronts)
Term
Neutrality Acts
Definition
Laws with the purpose of limiting US involvement in future wars. Banned war supplies exports and loans to nations in war, then limited exports to "cash and carry" only
Term
Lend-Lease Act
Definition
Name of the program under which the US supplied Allied Nations with war materials, ending its neutrality 
Term
 Pearl Harbor Attack
Definition
Attack of army base by the Japanese, brought the US into war 
Term
Manhattan Project
Definition

Conducted during WWII, project to develop the first nuclear bombs. 

Term
Japanese Internment
Definition

In 1942, the US government began the internment of Japanese Americans, because after the Pearl Harbor attack, the US government was suspicious, and thought they may be spies. Many Japanese Americans (about 110,000) were relocated and interned – total violation of rights. 

Term
Wannsee Conference 
Definition
Meet of the high-ups of the Nazi party in 1942. The purpose was to discuss the “final solution to the Jewish question”. 
Term
Final Solution
Definition
Deportation of Jews to labor camps, where they would work on projects until they died, and when the projects were completed, the rest would be killed
Term
Nuremberg Trials 
Definition

Set of trials what tried all those who committed crimes during the Holocaust. First time “I was just following orders” was not accepted as an excuse. 

Term
Establishment of Israel 
Definition

November 1947, the UN voted in favor of a Jewish State. 

Term
Yalta Conference 
Definition

Meeting between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill to work out the future of Germany and Poland. Agreed on the division of Germany into American, British, French, and Soviet occupation zones. 

Term
Potsdam Conference 
Definition
Continued to debate the future of Germany and Poland.
Term
Domino Theory 
Definition

Theory that when a country falls to communism, the countries around it will too. 

Term
Marshall Plan 
Definition

Plan that called for the nations of Europe to draw up a program for economic recovery from the war. 

Term
Truman Doctrine 
Definition

Statement of principles where Truman established another major policy that would guide American actions in the cold war. 

Term
Berlin Airlift 
Definition
 An airlift that moved supplied into West Berlin by plane. US did not want West Berlin to go to communism. 
Term
NATO
Definition
“An armed attack against one or more of them…shall be considered an attack against them all.” North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Collective security. 
Term

Collective Society 

 

Definition
Mutual military assistance 
Term
Warsaw Pact
Definition

Soviet Union response to NATO. Military alliance with its satellite nations in Eastern Europe. 

Term
Space Race 
Definition

Race between the US and the Soviet Union to make advancements in space. 

Term
Sputnik 
Definition
First satellite launched into space (by Soviet Union). 
Term
Eisenhower 
Definition

Practiced Brinkmanship (the practice of pushing a dangerous situation to the verge of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome). 

Term
U2 Incident 
Definition

US spy plane was caught spying on the Soviet Union

Term
Korean War 
Definition

What: War between North and South Korea where North Korea attempted to unite Korea under communism by force (US got involved in order to defend democracy)

When: June 1950

Where: Korea

Why: When Korea was split, their nation was divided. North Korean troops streamed across the 38th parallel

Effects: Nothing changed, loss of life

Outcome: Nothing. 38th parallel remained in exactly the same spot. 

Term
McCarthyism 
Definition

Widespread fear of communism that resulted in the unjust prosecution of many citizens. 

Term
Bay of Pigs 
Definition

What: US trained Cuban exiles living in Florida to overthrow the dictator.

When: April 17th, 1961

Where: Florida/Cuba

 Effects: They were slaughtered and the US did nothing to help them (as they promised they would).

Outcome: Total failure

Term
Cuban Missile Crisis 
Definition

Standoff between US and the Soviet Union that brought them to the brink of nuclear war.

When: 1962

Causes: US spy plane took pictures of Soviet Union, existing tension

 

Unit 8: Civil Rights Movement

 

Term
Jim Crow Laws 
Definition

De Jure segregation against African Americans in the south. Supposedly “separate but equal” – false. 

Term
Martin Luther King Jr 
Definition

 Civil rights leader and activist, civil disobedience, peaceful protest. 

Term
Rosa Parks 
Definition

 Protested segregation on buses. Arrested for refusing to give up her seat. Began Montgomery Bus Boycott. 

Term
Thurgood Marshall 
Definition
Led NAACP, fought many battles over segregation in court. 
Term
Little Rock Nine 
Definition

Nine black students who became the first African American students to attend an all while school. Met by much opposition, but eventually succeeded in breaking down the color barrier in schools. 

Term
Montgomery Bus Boycott 
Definition
African Americans and many whites in Montgomery Alabama stopped using the buses because they were segregated. 
Term
Sit-ins 
Definition

When Civil Rights activists would stay in an establishment until they were served in order to protest segregation. 

 

Term
Freedom Rides 
Definition
Once buses were no longer legally segregated, many civil rights activists attempted to prove they were still segregated by riding and meeting opposition. The riders were met at nearly every stop with angry mobs. 
Term
March On Washington 
Definition

Huge, peaceful demonstration to promote equal rights for African Americans. 

Term
Black Nationalism 
Definition

Belief in the separate identity and radical unity of the African American community. 

Term
Malcolm X 
Definition
Preached about rejecting ideas of integration
Term
SNCC 
Definition
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Played a major role in sit-ins and freedom rides. 
Term
Stokely Carmichael 
Definition
Involved in protest, actively involved in SNCC. Encouraged group to carry guns, kicked out white people, black power. 
Term

Black Power

 

Definition

Goal- to unite, to recognize heritage, to build a sense of community, to begin to define their own goals, to lead their own organizations and support those organizations. 

Term
Black Panthers 
Definition
Demanded federal government rebuild the nations ghettos, often found themselves in violent encounters. Led to serious split in the civil rights movement. RACIAL PRIDE
Term
Truman 
Definition
Ordered integration of the armed services. 
Term
Dwight D. Eisenhower 
Definition

Sent soldiers to protect the little rock nine. Wanted to support the Supreme Court. 

Term
Kennedy 
Definition

Supported Freedom Riders. Voted for civil rights but never actively took part. Prohibited racial discrimination in housing built or purchased with federal aid. Increased enforcement of previous acts and the Brown v. Education Ruling. Gave civil rights broadcast speech and proposed a modest civil rights bill. 

Term
Johnson
Definition

Protected Selma marchers, passed Civil Rights Bill, very helpful. 

Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition

Oliver Brown sued Topeka Board of Education to allow his 8 year old daughter to attend a nearby white school for whites only: won! Ruling said separate but equal was unconstitutional in schools. 

Term
Civil Rights Act
Definition

Had impact on voting rights, same school, and jobs. Banned use of different voter registration standards, discrimination in public accommodations. 

Term
Voting rights act 
Definition
Limited Literacy tests and other barriers
Term
French Involvement 
Definition

Vietnam was under French rule, and China sympathized with

Vietnam and liberated them. Ho Chi Minh became the ruler. 

Term
Leaders/Groups Involved 
Definition

Johnston – US president, Diem – President of South Vietnam,

Ho-Chi Minh – North Vietnam leader

Term
Geneva Accords 
Definition
Divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel 
Term
Golf of Tonkin Resolution 
Definition

Gave the president complete authority over the military for

an unlimited time period during the war. 

Term
Vietnamization 
Definition

Process of replacing US troops with Vietnamese ones. 

Term
Tet Offensive
Definition

Major turning point in the war. The North surprise attack on the South on

Vietnam’s largest holiday, Tet.

Term
Anti-war Protests 
Definition

Kent State – riot over invasion of Cambodia, Nation Guard called,

students threw rocks and the N.G. open fired killing 4 students and wounding 3.

Jackson State – Confrontation between police and students resulted in two student deaths

and 11 wounded students

Term
Role of Media 
Definition
First televised war, brought horrors of war into everyone’s home. 
Term
Peace Treaty 
Definition

Conditions: US withdraw all forces, all POW’s released, all parties end

military involvement in Loas/Cambodia, 17th parallel continues to divide North and

South Korea. 

Term
Vietnamese Civil War 
Definition

Fighting continued for two years, South Vietnamese troops

steadily loosing ground, and in 1975, North Vietnamese troops took Saigon, the Capital. 

 

Term
The War Powers act 
Definition

Passed in 1973, overruled the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. President

can no longer involve the US in foreign conflicts by executive action (needs

congressional approval). 

Term
Fall of Saigon 
Definition

When the capital of Vietnam feel to communist forces, an immediate

evacuation occurred. 

Term
Women's Liberation 
Definition

Women attempted to gain more rights and equal treatment to men.

They wanted to challenge traditional gender roles. Education and unemployment were

particularly important. 

Term
Continued Civil Rights movement 
Definition

Many other minorities fought for equal rights

(Latinos, Indians, Ect.). Much of these movements were modeled after the Civil Rights

Movement. 

 

Term
The Iran Hostage Crisis 
Definition

52 Americans taken hostage in Iran (believed to be spies). They

were held hostage for 444 days under terrible conditions

Term
Moral Majority 
Definition

US Political group made up of conservative fundamental Christians

attempting to force Christianity. 

 

Term
Iran Contra Affair 
Definition

Began in Nicaragua, the Regon Administration sought to undermine

the Marxist government and seized power in 1979. Ruling group called themselves

Sandinistas. US Trained and armed Nicaraguans – Contras, so they would overthrow the

government. Deal: Trade weapons for prisoners. Newspaper broke the story, citizens

outraged. 

Term

9-11 attacks 

Definition

4 planes took off, 2 hit the trade center, 1 hit part of the pentagon, and

another crashed in a field (headed for the white house). Attacks planned by Al Queda,

headed by Osama Bin Laden. Over 3,000 people died. 

Term
The Persian Gulf War 
Definition

Iraq invasion of Kuwait in order to gain oil wealth and expand

caused US to begin the Persian Gulf War. Very quick, very little US casualties. 

Term
Supply Side Economics (Ronald Reagan)
Definition

Instead of “new deal” type plan, this plan gave

tax breaks to companies (wealthy) so they will hopefully make more and hire more

workers. 

 

Term
Fall of Berlin Wall 
Definition
1989- Ended a divided Germany/communist Germany
Term
War on Terror 
Definition

Bush sent warning to hostile nations to stop developing nuclear weapons

of mass destruction. Iran, Iraq, and North Korea named “Axis of Evil”. US troops take

action. 

Term
Watergate Scandal 
Definition

5 men broke into the Democratic National Committees Office

(employed by President Nixon’s Organization for Re-Election, trying to uncover dirt of

Nixon’s opponent). President bribed them to do it. Nixon released edited tapes,

and lost support, causing his resignation

 

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