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final
A P final
95
Anatomy
Not Applicable
12/14/2009

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Term
Bacterial infection is especially likely to elevate what count?
Definition
neutrophil
Term
A patient with a snakebite is given an an antivenom in horse serum.  His blood pressure quickley drops why?
Definition
Anaphylactic shock
Term
In sunburn the redness of the skin is from?
Definition
hyperemia
Term
The antigen binding sites of an anitbody molecule are found where?
Definition
at the tips of the variable regions.
Term
What is the autoimmune disease in which antibodies damage the capillaries of the kidneys?
Definition
acute glomerulonephritis
Term
MALT is lymphatic tissue found in such places such as?
Definition
the digestive mucosa
Term
Which of the following is not a form of nonspecific resistance?
Definition
vaccination
Term
Most circulating antibodies, and the only ones that cross the placenta are?
Definition
IgG
Term
Special lymphatic vessels. called lacteals absorb dietary?  that cannot be absorbed into the capillaries
Definition
lipids
Term
what lymphatic organ is very large in the fetus.  It begins to shrink after the age of 14 and is replaced almost entirely by fibrous and fatty tissue in th elderly.
Definition
thymus
Term
Neutrophils produce a respiratory burts, which destroys more bacteria than can be destroyed by phagocytosis.  A respiratory burst results from the formation of a(n)  ?   that reacts with H* to fomr ? 
Definition
superoxide anion; hydrogen peroxide
Term
An individual has been losing weight and showing sings of anemia.  A differential WBC count revealed an elevated eosinophil count.  What are these symptoms of?
Definition
parasitic infection
Term
These pholpeptides stimulate cells to produce antiviral proteins and activate NK cells and macrophages.
Definition
interferon
Term
The mother is Rh- , has Rj antibodies, and is carrying an Rh+ fetus.  The movement of Rh antibodies across the placenta causes?  immunity.  Rh- mothers should be given RhoGAM after every fetal event where the fetus is Rh+.  INjecting the mother with RhoGAM causes ? immunity.
Definition
natural passive; artificial passive
Term
It is allergy season and you have tremendous nasal congestion, water eyes, and a runny nose.  These symptoms are caused when allergens bind to IgE on teh membranes of ? and stimulate them to release ?
Definition
mast cells and basophils, histamine
Term
The most abundant nitrogenous waste of the blood is?
Definition
urea
Term
Urine normally doesn't contain?
Definition
glucose
Term
The blood vessels of the renal medulla that run alongside the nephron loops are?
Definition
the vasa recta
Term
the kidneys do not
Definition
secrete hormones that stimulate thirst
Term
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by?
Definition
the proximal convoluted tubule
Term
A simple squamous epithelium is found in?
Definition
the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule and thin segment of the nephron loop
Term
Uric acid is formed by the catabolism of ? while creatine is formed by the catabolism of ?
Definition
nucleic acids,  creatine (phospate)  may be crossed off couldn't tell on worksheet or may have just been smudged.
Term
The tubule has a simple cuboidal epithelium nearly devoid of microvilli.
Definition
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Term
The afferent and efferent arterioles come in contact with the DCT just outside the glomerular capsule.  This complex is called?
Definition
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Term
The glomerular filtrate most resembles?
Definition
plamsa
Term
Which molecule would you expect to have the most difficulty crossing the glomerular filtration membrane?
Definition
albumin
Term
You found a high level of albumin in the urine.  This was most likely caused by?
Definition
kidney trauma or infection
Term
A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will caue the juxtaglomerular cells to release?  Which will ?
Definition
renin; increase blood pressure
Term
Many diuretic drubs such as furosemind (Lasix) produce osmotic diuresis by?
Definition
inhibiting Na+ reabsorption
Term
The internal urethral phrincter is made up of ? muscle and contracts in response to ? stimulation.
Definition
smooth, sympathetic
Term
Which of the following conditions is likely to produce the highest daily ouptut of sodium in the urine?
Definition
hypertension
Term
Aldosterone receptors are found on the cells of?
Definition
distal convoluted tubule.
Term
What disease is most likely to produce metabolic acidosis?
Definition
diabetes mellitus
Term
Women may retain watr at certain times of the month because estrogen?
Definition
mimics aldosterone
Term
What will be the result if the numbmer of Na+K+ pumps in the distal convuluted tubule is increased?
Definition
potassium concentration of the urine will rise.
Term
Edema is least likely to result from?
Definition
increased blood osmolarity
Term
You are getting ready to go cross country skiing.  Before you go what would be best to drink?
Definition
cider
Term
You are working outside on a hot day, sweating prfusely, and drinking alot of water. YOu may be subjecting yourself to?
Definition
hypotonic hydration
Term
You are getting really concerned about takin gin enough fluids.  YOu decide to double your fluid intake from 2 to 4 liters per day.  Your blood wovume would ?  and your urine volume would?
Definition
stay the same, increase
Term
You are trying to hold your breath as long as you can, but after about 2 minutes you have to breathe.  At this point you are in ?
Definition
respiratory acidosis
Term
What does the flaciform ligament do?
Definition
attaches the liver to the abdominal wall
Term
What are Peyer's patches and where are they located?
Definition
lymphatic follicles of the ileum
Term
Most of the water entering the digestive tract each day comes from?
Definition
gastrointestinal secretions
Term
Inflammation of the greater or lesser omentum, mesentery or mesocolon is called?
Definition
peritonitis
Term
Gingivitis is a ? and is the leading cause of ?  in adults
Definition
gum inflammation, tooth loss
Term
The 2 living parts of a tooth are?
Definition
dentin and cementum
Term
The esophagus pierces through the diaphragm at the ?  and its submucosa contains?  glands that secrete mucus.
Definition
hiatus,  esophangeal
Term
Pepsin digests ?  to ?
Definition
proteins, peptides
Term
The ileocecal valves open in response to?
Definition
food in the stomach
Term
In the gastric pits, ? cells secrete HCI and intrinsic factor and ? cells secrete pepsimogen.
Definition
parietal; chief
Term
What type of person would not exhibit a positive nitrogen balance?
Definition
a person dying in a famine.
Term
This is not met by our own intestinal bacteria.
Definition
manganese
Term
An excess of Vitamin ? can cause anorexia, hair loss and birth defects.
Definition
retinol (A)
Term
Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of?
Definition
ATP hydrolysis
Term
Most of the carbohydrates in the body are found as?
Definition
Muscle glycogen
Term
This is unsaturated fat
Definition
vegatable oil
Term
The final cellular transformation in the prouduction of spermatozoa is called?
Definition
spermiogenesis
Term
Men only have 1 ? gland.
Definition
prostate
Term
Mitochondria are found in the ? of a spermatozoon
Definition
midpiece
Term
Vasectomy, a procedure for surgical sterilization of the male, entails removal fo part of the ?
Definition
ductus deferens
Term
Penile cancer has been lnked to human papilloma cancer. What other conditions is this cancer related to?
Definition
non-retractable foreskins
Term
The forcible expulsion of semen in ejaculation results from spasmodic contractions of?
Definition
the bulbocavernosus muscle
Term
Viagra prolongs erection by?
Definition
injibiting degradation of cGMP
Term
A normal sperm count is?
Definition
50 to 120 million sperm/ml semen
Term
Sterility refers to the?
Definition
inability to fertilize an egg
Term
In the first 2 to 3 days postpartum, the mammary glands secrete ? rathr than milk.
Definition
colostrum
Term
Ovulation is triggered by?
Definition
LH
Term
At the time a woman begins her next ovarian cycle, the former mature follicle of the previous cycle is?
Definition
a corpus albicans
Term
The layer of uterine mucosa that is shed in menstruation is called?
Definition
stratum functionalsis
Term
Milk is not secreted until after birth, mainly because?
Definition
the mammary gland cells do not respnd ot prolactin until then.
Term
Human milk has advantages over cow's milk except for
Definition
It has more protein
Term
What is an advantage to breast feeding for the mother?
Definition
promotes involution of the uterus
Term
In early pregnancy ? stimulates growth of the corpus luteum.
Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin
Term
In a woman who is neither pregnant nor nursing, milk secretion is inhibited by?
Definition
prolactin inhibiting factor
Term
Eggs are moved along the uterine tube by
Definition
cilia and peristaltic waves
Term
The vaginal secretion has a pH of about 3.5 to 4.0.  This pH ? and is primarily caused by the production of ?
Definition
inhibits pathogens; lactic acid
Term
Menarche is often delayed in girls who seriously train for athletic events.  This is delayed because they?
Definition
maintain low body fat.
Term
IN women, the cessation of menstruation is called?  and the decrease in estrogen and progesterone production is called?
Definition
menopause; climacteric
Term
Most fetal blood bypasses the liver by way of a shunt called?
Definition
the ductus venosus
Term
Skin and hair become drier in old age because of?
Definition
senscence of the sebaceous glands
Term
The round ligament of the adult liver is a remnant of the ? of the fetus.
Definition
umbilical vein
Term
During or immediately after birth, and infant is normally stimulated to breathe by?
Definition
the accumulation of CO2 in the blood
Term
A teratogen is most likely to cause?
Definition
nondisjunction
Term
A healthy 65 year old person compared to a 25 year old will not show a difference in?
Definition
RBC count
Term
Older people may require lower drug doses than younger people because?
Definition
They have lower rates of renal clearance
Term
Urine retention is a greater problem in older men than for older women because?
Definition
Men usually develop bening prostatic hyperplasia
Term
The fetal colon accumulates thick, tarry feces called?
Definition
meconium
Term
This organ system shows the greates structural change in the transitional period after birth.
Definition
circulatory
Term
A couple is trying conceive a child.  The best chance of fertilizing an egg is ? hours before ovulation or ? hours after ovulation.
Definition
48; 14
Term
In order to fertilize an egg, spermatozoa must release the enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin that erode away 2 layers around the egg calld the?
Definition
corona radiata and zona pellucida
Term
In amniocentesis, a sample of amniotic fluid is removed, and the fetal cells are analyzed.  Over 20 congential conditions can be identified by this procedure.  Amniocentesis is best done during what time frame of pregnancy?
Definition
14 to 15 weeks
Term
In the fetal circulation, the  ? bypasses the liver and the ? bypasses the lungs.
Definition
ductus venosus; ductus arteriosus
Term
One of the major factors that contributes to osteopenia, or loss of bone, in the elderlyis ?
Definition
significant decrease of cutaneous Vitamin D production
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