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Final Review
Previous test questions for review
189
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/05/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
99.9% of formed elements are?
Definition
Erythrocytes
Term
A heart rate less than 60 bpm is called?
Definition
bradycardia
Term
A patient develops a swollen face; an enlarged, stretch-marked abdomen; spindly legs and arms; and a fatty hump between the shoulders. What might be wrong?
Definition
Too much cortisol
Term
A tracheal membrane, allows you to?
Definition
Perform deglutition
Term
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes?
Definition
Vasoconstriction & water retention
Term
Agglutinogens are?
Definition
on the surface of RBC's
Term
Air goes to and from each lung through?
Definition
Primary bronchi
Term
Amino acids and sugars are absorbed into the?
Definition
Blood of intestinal villi
Term
Antibodies are?
Definition
Gamma globulin proteins
Term
Antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called?
Definition
Globulins
Term
Antigen presenting cells (APC's) present the part of an antigen, bound to class II MHC protien on their surface. These APC's then bind to _____ (aka CD4 cells).
Definition
Inactive helper T-cells
Term
Aortic Aneurysm
Definition
May cause sudden death
Term
Apnea
Definition
Not breathing
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
Irregular heartbeat
Term
As bicarbonate enters the plasma in the tissue capillaries, ____ shifts into the RBCs.
Definition
CI- Chloride Ion neg
Term
B-cells respond to
Definition
Extracellular antigens such as bacteria
Term
Brush-border enzymes are found in the?
Definition
Microvilli of the small intestine
Term
Calculate the cardiac output if the heart rate is 70bpm, and the stroke volume is 80ml per beat.
Definition
Multiply the heart rate by the stroke volume

5600 ml/min
Term
Carbaminohemoglobin is the percentage of carbon dioxide that is?
Definition
Carried by hemoglobin
Term
Catecholamines are secreted by the?
Definition
Supraenal medulla
Term
Cervical lymph nodes are located in the?
Definition
Neck
Term
Chylomicrons are?
Definition
Triglycerides and protein that enter the lacteals
Term
Claudication
Definition
Leg pain
Term
Clots are dissolved when...
Definition
t-PA Activates plasminogen
Term
Constant changes in blood flow where capillary alternately increase and decrease blood flow to tissues is referred to as...
Definition
Vasomotion
Term
Cushing's disease
Definition
Abdominal stretch marks
Term
Distorted features, caused by secretion of too much GH in an adult, are the result of a disorder called ...
Definition
Acromegaly
Term
During exercise there is a local increase in blood flow to the muscles and skin. There is also central control where the vasomotor venter of the cardiovascular center stimulates
A) Vasoconstriction in the digestive tract and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles.
B) Vasodilation in the digestive tract and vasoconstriction in the skeltal muscles
C) Vasoconstriction in both the digestive tract and skeletal muscles
D) Vasodilation
Definition
A) Vasoconstriction in the digestive tract and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles.
Term
During hydrolysis...
Definition
Water breaks covalent bonds between molecules
Term
EDV=135ml SV=78ml ESV=52ml From these values how would you calculate the ejection fraction?
Definition
EF = 78 135 x 100
Term
Emphysema
Definition
COPD
Term
Eupnea is...
Definition
Quiet breathing
Term
Extracellular antigens enter lymphatic tissue and bind to receptors on _____ lymphocytes. After activation, these lymphocytes then clone producing large numbers of plasma cells and memory cells.
Definition
B-cell
Term
FSH and LH are secreted by the anterior pituitary. They target the ...
Definition
Ovaries & Testes
Term
GERD
Definition
Heartburn
Term
GI neoplasms
Definition
Colon cancer
Term
Helper-T lymphocytes activate CD-8 cells to produce cytotoxic T-cells and they activate _____ causing them to clone.
Definition
B-cells
Term
Hematuria
Definition
Blood in urine
Term
Hypertension
Definition
Essential
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
Higher than normal body temperature
Term
Hyperventilation
Definition
Exhaling too much CO2
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
Lower than normal body temperature
Term
If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is less than blood osmotic pressure (BOP) the net result is capillar...
Definition
Reabsorption
Term
If the BP is 124/76 then the mean arterial pressure is...
Definition
124-76=48 48/3=16 16+76=92

Diastolic-systolic=A A/3=B B+diastolic=final answer
Term
If you travel to the high mountains, there will be less oxygen in your alveoli because there is less in the air. Which gas law does this most closely illustrate?
Definition
Henry's Law
Term
If you were to visit the Rocky Mountains, what would stimulate your red bone marrow to accelerate RBC formation?
Definition
A hormone called erythropoietin
Term
Jaundice
Definition
Bilirubin
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
High WBC count
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
Low WBC count
Term
Lymph capillaries in villi are called ____
A) muscularis mucasae
B) venules
C) lamina propria
D) chylomicrons
E) none of the above
Definition
E) none of the above

Lacteal
Term
Lymph capillaries reabsorb about _____ percent of fluid that is filtered from capillaries?
Definition
15
Term
Lymph collected from the right leg enters the _____ duct?
Definition
Thoracic
Term
Lymph nodes filter lymph and...
Definition
Provide immunity
Term
Mast cells and basophils release histamine and other chemicals to cause ...
Definition
inflamation
Term
Monocytes become...
Definition
A macrophage
Term
Most carbon dioxide is transported from the tissues to the lungs as...
Definition
Sodium bicarbonate
Term
Most of our blood is in our...
Definition
Venous circulation
Term
Most of the respiratory tract is lined with...
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Term
Myxedema and decreased metabolic rate are symptoms of ...
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Term
OT (OXT) and ADH are synthesized in the ...
Definition
Hypothalmus
Term
Parietal cells of the stomach secrete...
Definition
Hydrochloric Acid
Term
People's own immune system usually does not attack their body. This property is referred to as...
Definition
Tolerance
Term
Peyer's patches of the small intestine are?
Definition
Part of the MALT
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
May be implicated in venous clots
Term
Phlebotomist
Definition
May try to locate the median cubital vein
Term
Plasma normally makes up about _____ of blood
Definition
55%
Term
Pneumocyte type II cells in the alveolar sacs...
Definition
Secrete surfactant
Term
Polydipsia
Definition
Need to drink a lot of water
Term
Polyuria
Definition
Often excuse yourself while dining with friends
Term
Pulse pressure is equal to
(whats the calculation)
Definition
Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
Term
Skeletal muscle contraction and breathing cause blood to?
Definition
Flow in veins and lymphatic vessels
Term
Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries are...
Definition
Venules
Term
Starch digestion begins in the...
Definition
Mouth
Term
Swelling of the thyroid gland is called a ...
Definition
Goiter
Term
Targets are ...
Definition
The cells that respond to hormones
Term
The T" in ACTH stands for ..."
Definition
Tropic
Term
The ____ bronchi supply air to each lung lobe.
Definition
Secondary
Term
The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that stimulate other glands. These hormones are called _____ hormones
Definition
Tropic
Term
The arterial blood pressure during left ventricular relaxing (filling) is the...
Definition
Diastolic pressure
Term
The cardiac accelerator part of the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata...
Definition
Speeds up the heart via the sympathetic branch of the ANS
Term
The control of oxytocin is by ...
Definition
Positive feedback
Term
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) controls the rhythm of...
Definition
Resting breathing
Term
The epicardium is also known as the...
Definition
Visceral pericardium
Term
The filling phase of the cardiac cycle is called...
Definition
Diastole
Term
The greatest change in BP is in the...
Definition
Arterioles
Term
The hard material that covers the tooth crown is...
Definition
Enamel
Term
The hypothalamus has indirect control of the _____ by secreating releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Definition
Adenohypophysis
Term
The intrinsic pathway of cogulation is activated by the...
Definition
Activation of factor XII exposed to collagen
Term
The largest liver lobe is the...
Definition
Right lobe
Term
The part of the tooth that is anchored to the tooth socket is the...
Definition
Root
Term
The pneumocyte (type I) cells, basement membranes, and the endothelial cells form...
Definition
A respiratory membrane
Term
The PO2 of the tissue is ____ than the PO2 of oxygenated blood.
Definition
Lower
Term
The posterior pituitary connects to the hypothalamus via a funnel-shapped.
Definition
Infundibulum
Term
The pressure produced by plasma solutes such as proteins is...
Definition
BOP (blood osmotic pressure)
Term
The proton pumps of the parietal cells produce a substance that helps to activate pepsinogen. What substance is produced by these pumps?
Definition
Hydrochloric acid
Term
The resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk is called the...
Definition
Afterload
Term
The secretion of _____ requires stimulation by the sympathetic branch of the ANS.
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
The three functions of bile are...
Definition
Fat emulsification, fat absorption and excretion
Term
The tongue pushes a bolus of food into the oropharynx during the ____ phase of swallowing.
Definition
Buccal
Term
The upper part of the pharynx is the...
Definition
Nasopharynx
Term
The volume of blood left in the ventricle after ejection of the stroke volume is called the...
Definition
End-systolic volume
Term
The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex secrets ...
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Tissue factor (factor III) is a factor in the _____ pathway.
Definition
Extrinsic
Term
True or False

During local regulation of blood flow changes in blood chemistry and temperature within capillary beds cause a change in blood flow.
Definition
TRUE
Term
True or False

Hormones are enzymes.
Definition
FALSE
Term
True or False

Mean arterial pressure increases with distance from the heart?
Definition
FALSE
Term
True or False

Some blood globulins transport chemicals?
Definition
TRUE
Term
True or False

The chief cells of the stomach secrete pepsin.
Definition
False
Term
True or False

The immunes system's secondary response to an antigen is usually not as strong as the primary response.
Definition
FALSE
Term
True or False

The lymphatic system transports some nutrients and hormones
Definition
TRUE
Term
True or False

The PO2 of alveolar air is about 100 mmHg
Definition
True
Term
True or False

Without properly functioning helper T-cells the entire immune system will be compromised.
Definition
TRUE
Term
What are the products of sucrase catalyzed digestion?
Definition
Glucose and frutose
Term
What arterial layer has an elastic membrane, a basement membrane and endothelium?
Definition
Tunica intima
Term
What binds oxygen in a hemoglobin molecule?
Definition
Iron
Term
What branch of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate?
Definition
Sympathetic branch
Term
What carries lymph into lymph nodes?
Definition
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Term
What chemicals, secreated by plasma cells, provide immunity?
Definition
Antibodies
Term
What closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing?
Definition
Soft Palate
Term
What connects the cusps of atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles?
Definition
Chordae tendineae
Term
What does this image represent?
Definition
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Term
What has overlapping endothelium that acts as valves?
Definition
Lymph capillaries
Term
What hormone causes milk letdown"?"
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
What hormones are secreted by stimulation from sympathetic branch of the ANS during the flight or fight reaction?
Definition
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Term
What hydrolyzes triglycerides?
Definition
Lipase
Term
What immune cells are held in reserve, and cause a strong secondary response to a specific antigen?
Definition
Memory cells
Term
What is the trem for swallowing?
Definition
Deglutition
Term
What lymph/endocrine gland processes T-cell lymphocytes?
Definition
Thymus
Term
What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in and around your throat?
Definition
Tonsils
Term
What part of a electrocardiogram indicates ventricular depolarization?
A) P-Wave
B) T-Wave
C) S-Wave
D) P-R interval
E None of the above
Definition
E) None of the above
Term
What part of the brain contains the center that controls basic rhythm of breathing?
Definition
Medulla oblongata
Term
What part of the electrocardiogram represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
Definition
QT-interval
Term
What part of the hearts conducting system sends the electrochemical signal from the AV node to the bundle branches?
Definition
AV bundle
Term
What plasma proteins produce the greater effect on blood viscosity?
Definition
Albumins
Term
What prevents ejected blood from flowing back into the ventricles during ventricular diastole?
Definition
SL Valves
Term
What secrets bile?
Definition
Liver
Term
What sound does the heart make when the AV valves close?
Definition
S1 (Lubb)
Term
What stem cells produce red blood cells?
Definition
Myeloid stem cells
Term
What vessels have the greatest effect on peripheral resistance?
Definition
Arterioles
Term
When a sample of blood is typed, it agglutinates in the B space, but not in the A nor the Rh space. This indicates that the type is...
Definition
B B neg
Term
When the BP is too low the kidneys releases renin. Renin starts the chemical process that forms...
Definition
Angiotensin II
Term
Where do you find intercalated discs?
Definition
Between cardiocytes
Term
Which artery or vein layer causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation...
Definition
Tunica media
Term
Which capillaries occur in the liver and bone marrow?
Definition
Sinusoidal
Term
Which clotting pathway begins with the activation of proenzymes and release of PF-3?
Definition
Intrinsic
Term
Which gland is dependent on the hypophyseal portal circulation?
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
Which gland secretes hormones that increase ATP formation?
Definition
Thyroid gland
Term
Which hormone causes the retention of sodium ions (Na+), and the elimination of potassium (K+)?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Which lung has the most secondary bronchi?
Definition
Right
Term
Which lymph tissues have crypts?
Definition
Tonsils
Term
Which of the following accounts mostly for exhalation during resting ventilation?
A) diaphragm and external intercostals contract
B) abdominal muscles relax
C) erector spinae muscles contract
D) elastic recoil
E) none of the above
Definition
D) elastic recoil
Term
Which of the following can be the cause of an increase in pulse pressure
A) Anxiety
B) Exercise
C) Decreased peripheral resistance
D) A&B
E) B&C
Definition
D) A&B
Term
Which of the following cells do not come from lymphoid stem cells?
A) Neutrophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils & Erythrocytes
E None of the above
Definition
D) Neutrophils & Erythrocytes
Term
Which of the following clotting factors is always in the plasma?
Definition
Prothrombin
Term
Which of the following formulas is correct?
A) F ∝ R/ΔP
B) ΔP ∝ R/F
C) F ∝ ΔP/R
D) ΔP ∝ F-R
Definition
C) F ∝ ΔP/R
Term
Which of the following gases has a higher blood than alveolar partial pressure in deoxygenated blood?
Definition
CO2
Term
Which of the following hormones can increase belly fat?
A) T3 and T4
B) cortisol
C) hGH
D) insulin
E) none of the above
Definition
B) Cortisol
Term
Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in BP when the right atrium is streched? The hormone lowers BP by causing elimination of salt (sodium chloride).
A) Angiotensim II
B) Epinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Natriuretic peptide
Definition
D) Natriuretic peptide
Term
Which of the following hormones is secreted by alpha cells?
A) cortisol
B) epinephrine
C) insulin
D) glucagon
E) none of the above
Definition
D) Glucagon
Term
Which of the following hormones spare glucose by stimulating formation of new glucose from amino acids and lactic acid, conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage in live, and use of fat for energy to assure glucose availability for brain?
A) insulin
B) GH
C) cortisol
D) T4
E) none of the above
Definition
C) Cortisol
Term
Which of the following hormones works in concert with other hormones to cause the formation of milk by the mammary glands?
A) T3
B) insulin
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
E) none of the above
Definition
C) Prolactin
Term
Which of the following is an appropriate PCO2 for atmospheric air?
A) 0.003 mmHg
B) 0.03 mmHg
C) 0.3 mmHg
D) 3 mmHg
E) None of these
Definition
C) 0.3 mmHg
Term
Which of the following is correct
A) Arteries have valves along their lengths
B) Blood flows from metarterioles into thoroughfare channels
C) Blood flow increases with decreased blood volume
D) Increased blood viscosity increases blood flow
Definition
B) Blood flows from metarterioles into thoroughfare channels
Term
Which of the following is correct?
A) P-Wave follows the QRS complex
B) Increased venous return to the heart will lead to greater EDV and greater stroke volume
C) Increased filling time of a heartbeat will lead to a smaller EDV and lesser stroke volume
D) Eighty percent of the EDV is pumped into the ventricles during atrial systole.
Definition
B) Increased venous return to the heart will lead to greater EDV and greater stroke volume
Term
Which of the following is likely the pressure gradient in arteries
A) 40 mmHg
B) 110 mmHg
C) 18 mmHg
D) 60 mmHg
Definition
D) 60 mmHg
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?
A) blood sugar control
B) protein digestion
C) secretion of bicarbonate to buffer acid chyme
D) sucrose digestion
E) fat digestion
Definition
D) sucrose digestion
Term
Which of the following is not a liver function?
A) Protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
B) bile secretion
C) phagocytosis
D) all are liver functions
E) none are liver functions
Definition
D) all are liver functions
Term
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone?
A) prolactin
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) follicle stimulating hormone
D) cortisol
E) none of the above
Definition
D) Cortisol
Term
Which of the following is true about anastomoses?
A) Arteries anastomoses with other arteries
B) Veins anastomoses with other veins
C) Arterioles anastomoses with venules
D) More than one of these is true
E) None of these is true
Definition
D) More than one of these is true
Term
Which of the following is true about the spleen?
A) It stores iron and platelets
B) It filters lymph
C) It's hormones activate T-cells
D) It has crypts
Definition
A) It stores iron and platelets
Term
Which of the following is true of blood?
A) Normal range of the adult volume is 2-5 Liters
B) Normally more than half the blood is composed of formed elements.
C) About 45%of plasma is water
D) Blood is about five times thicker than water
Definition
D) Blood is about five times thicker than water
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) Blood osmotic pressure decreases across a capillary bed.
B) Capillary hydrostatic pressure increases across a capillary bed
C) There is a net loss of albumins across a capillary bed
D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases across a capillary bed
Definition
D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases across a capillary bed
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) Starch digestion begins in the stomach.
B) PO2 in deoxygenated blood is about 40 mmHg
C) Magnesium of the heme combines with O2
D) The first part of the small intestine is the jejunum
E) none of the above
Definition
B) PO2 in deoxygenated blood is about 40 mmHg
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) The lower pH of the lungs helps to unload oxygen.
B) The higher level of BPG in the tissues favors unloading.
C) The higher temperature of the tissues favors loading of oxygen.
D) The lower PO2 of the lungs favors loading.
E) none of the above
Definition
B) The higher level of BPG in the tissues favors unloading.
Term
Which of the following is/are part of the large intestine?
A) cecum
B) appendix
C) rectum
D) A&B
E) All of the above
Definition
E) All of the above
Term
Which of the following makes the most hemoglobin?
A) Proerythroblasts
B) Erythrocytes
C) Erythroblasts
D) Reticulocytes
Definition
C) Erythroblasts
Term
Which of the following occurs during the aortic/carotid (left heart) refles when the BP is too high?
A) Proprioceptors are stimulated esulting in increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction
B) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in increased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation
C) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in decreased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation
D) Baroreceptors are inhibited resulting in increased cradiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction
Definition
C) Baroreceptors are stimulated resulting in decreased cradiac output and peripheral vasodilation
Term
Which of the following return blood to the heart
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Arterioles
Definition
B) Veins
Term
Which of the following stimulates glycogen break-down, formation of new sugar and transport of sugar from the liver to the blood?
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Which of the following types of capillaries form the blood brain barrier?
A) Fenestrated
B) Continuous
C) Sinusoidal
D) Hemorrhoidal
Definition
B) Continuous
Term
Which of the following WBC have the second highest differential range?
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
E Lymphocytes
Definition
E) Lymphocytes
Term
Which of the following will cause an increase in blood flow at a given peripheral resistance
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Increased blood pressure
C) Decreased cardiac output
D) Decreased stroke volume
Definition
B) Increased blood pressure
Term
Which organ is both endocrine and exocrine?
Definition
Pancreas
Term
Which pancreatic hormone is secreted when blood glucose is rising after a meal?
Definition
Insulin
Term
Which sequence of events best describes inspiration (inhalation)?
A) Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, increase in intrapulmonary pressure.
B) Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.
C) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.
D) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, increase in intrapulmonary pressure.
Definition
C) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.
Term
Which statment about red blood cells is false?
A) Red cells are biconcave
B) Red cells are around 8um in diameter
C) Red cells form stacks called rouleaux
D) RBC whole count is 4-6 thousand per microliter
Definition
D) RBC count is 4-6 million per microliter
Term
Which structure has a cricoid cartilage?
Definition
Larynx
Term
Which type of sugar diabetes results the development of insulin (decrease in sensitivity of cells to insulin)?
Definition
Type 2 - NIDDM
Term
Widespread vasoconstriction causes arterial blood pressure to...
Definition
Increase
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