• larger and more devastating
• war between industrial powers- first time farmers and industrial worker are as important as the soldier
• new type of weapons with enormous destructive power

• Germany had to pay war reparations
• had to accept the blame and humiliation for the war
• Trade barriers made payments hard

• required new nations to pass laws that protect rights of all citizens
• give minorities full rights

• Russia/USSR
• first communist state

• people used to dictatorship
• democracy was too slow

• Spanish-American-Cuban War
• Panamanian Revolution
• Russo-Japanese War
• Nicaragua
• Boxer Rebellion

• "Return to normalcy"

• isolationism
• major foreign affair was Washington Conference

• 5 leading powers met to discuss disarming of navy
• US, GB, France, Italy, Japan

• Czar Nicholas II abdicated throne
• Lenin and Bolsheviks take control
• nation becomes communist
• Civil war between reds and whites
• USSR established
• Lenin dies, Stalin takes over
• "iron fist"

• Communists announced worldwide revolution-"Workers of the world rise up"
• "You have nothing to lose but  your chains"
• Karl Marx- Communist Manifesto- Haves and have nots
• Feared American laborers would form a communist party in US
• Labor strikes increase
• we fear a communist revolution is coming here

Red Scare

1919-1920

• Palmer was Attorney General
• believed "reds" were corrupting our society and we needed to get rid of them
• thought it would destroy our American values such as- freedoms/rights, social mobility, private ownership

• bomb goes off near Palmer's house
• J Edgar Hoover is appointed as head of anti-radical division in Justice department.(later FBI)
• cleaning spree of all anarchists and suspected communists

• freedom of speech, right to a fair trial, illegal search and siezure

Nativism

• embrace WASP
• anti-immigration
• Hugo Black- supreme court justice joins Klan
• KKK- reemerges, very patriotic, resort to violence and membership drops drastically, decide they want to be the moral police
• KKK against blacks, catholics, Jews, immigrants

• rejecting progressivism
• embrace laissez faire

• preference system
• 3% each nationality each year based on 1910 census
• purpose to cut down number of immigrants
• be selective as to who they let in

• 2% of each nationality per year as of 1890 census
• number lowered

• True Quota System- set #. only 150,000 total per year
• 1920 ethnic breakdown
• everyone can send at least 100 ppl
• long waiting lists
• restrictive policy
• in place until 1965
• allowed ministers and university students not to count as part of #s
• also exceptions were War Brides Act and Displaced Persons Act

• US servicemen fall in love while at war
• the women were allowed to come in because they were going to marry a soldier

Displaced Persons Act

1942-52

• allowed ppl without homes at the end of WWII to come in

• decide to change immigration laws
• Civil Rights Acts change our opinions
• coming to terms with our racism
• no more preference system
• Lyndon Johnson signed law at base of Statue of Liberty

• italian immigrants accused of robbery and murder
• payroll master and guard were robbed and shot
• witnesses said they were "dark and foreign" and "looked italian"
• had guns and lied to authories
• electric chair
• victims of nativism

• italian
• immigrants
• known anarchists

• manufacture, sale, consumption, or transportation of alcohol was illegal
• most support was from rural south and west

• provides the law without enforcement mechanism
• lack of support in many areas

• repealed prohibition
• leave prohibition up to states and local areas to decide
• small towns- preists and bootleggers wanted to keep the counties dry

• name of hidden saloons and nightclubs where liquor was sold illegally
• in tearooms, apartments, office buildings, or hardware stores
• way of getting past Prohibition laws, middle to upper class people mainly

• smugglers who brought alcohol into the US illegally from Canada, Cuba, etc into cities
• name from putting bottle of alcohol in boot leg to hide it
• during prohibition, way of supplying alcohol on the black market
• might bribe law enforcements and judges- raised enormous profits

• most famous Al Capone
• head of organized crime ring, became very wealthy, owned 10,000 speakeasies
• killed off competition

• Al Capone wants to get rid of enemy gang
• got his men to go to a warehouse
• policemen showed up and gunned down all the other gangs members
• police were actually Capone's gang

• religious movement based on literal interpretation of Bible
• huge religious revival
• resisted changing society of 20s
• against evolution
• wanted laws against teaching of evolution, teach creationism instead

• fashion change from WWI
• creates a more "boyish" look
• 1st big break for womens role in society
• young women of 20s, rebellion
• short skirts, short black hair(bobs), felt hats, no more corsets, makeup, dresses without waist, openly drank and smoked in public

• set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women
• more causal dating
• reflects changing attitude of the 20s, more laid back, less rigid, less conservative values

• news being broadcast/written to a huge audience
• helped shape a mass culture
• technology advancement increases
• newspapers became like tabloids
• radio most powerful means of communication, news, entertainment

• first movie to have sound (talkies)
• some movie stars' careers ended b/c voice didnt match body
• Al Jolsen minstrel performer

• people we look up to
• people who are famous
• Charles Lindbergh-first person every to fly across Atlantic nonstop. stands for honesty and bravery
• Amelia Earhart-first woman
• Babe Ruth- 60th home run

• depicted life in the 20s
• negative side of the 20s
• rich people wandering endlessly through life
• "lost" generation

• combination of blues and ragtime
• starts in New Orleans
• Louis Armstrong- trumpet
• Bessie Smith- singer
• Duke Ellington and the Cotton Club

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• wanted laws outlawing violence against African Americans
• founded by WEB Dubois

• re-birth and flourishing of African American culture in Harlem
• The Great Migration of WWI brings A-American to NY
• Claude McKay wrote poetry and urged black people to resist prejudice and discrimination
• Langston Hughes- best known writer of Renaissance, described difficult lives of A-A working class
• Zora Neal Hurston- portrayed lives of poor, uneducated blacks

• treaty that 64 nations signed against war.
• gov'ts should not use war as a tool for international policy
• America's desire for peace in Europe
• no means to set up to enforce

• Harding administration
• Albert Fall leased oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land
• graft
• got land in return
• corruption in govt
• Harding died of stroke
• Coolidge took over

• prohibited teaching of evolution
• ACLU-American Civil Liberties Union hired high school teacher to break the law
• religion vs. science
• reason vs. faith

• prosecutor in Scope's Trail

• ACLU, brought in Darrow
• highest paid and most famous defense attorney in US
• wins

• countryside, small town
• more land/ bigger properties
• fewer people
• farms/agricultural based economy
• communities
• more conservative
• quiet fresh air/clean
• down to earth
• traditional
• folksy
• homogeneous
• WASPy
• religious based
• connected with nature and land

• Big city
• skyscrapers/buildings
• cars
• more people/crowded
• factories/pollution
• noisy
• liberal
• fast paced
• busy
• complex
• worldly
• cosmopolitan
• concrete jungle
• intelligencia

• first highway
• St. Louis to Santa Monica

• tourism increases, liberate rural families, growth of suburbs, reflection of personality, garages, dating practices

• false wealth
• looked like we were rich but we werent

• changed approach
• beauty, health, wealth, youth, and sex

• say it with flowers
• even your best friend wont tell you

• pay off with installment plan. interest
• enjoy while you pay
• delayed vs immediate gratification

• agriculture
• industry
• technology
• credit debt
• unequal distribution of income

• recession, depression
• bust and boom cycles
• single greatest indicator to predict economy is new home sales

• stock speculations
• financial collapse of europe
• drought in mississippi valley and western farmland

• stock prices go down drastically

• stocks that dont really go anywhere
• stable
• also called widow stocks

• Hoover
• factories should keep producing and no worker lay offs
• "The worst is over, prosperity is right around the corner"

• provides loans to banks to keep them afloat
• doesnt work

• provides loans to people to keep mortgages
• doesnt work

• 2 parties working together

• shanty towns(tents)

• empty, turned out pockets
• shows poverty

• newspaper
• shows homelessness

• war veterans want retirement bonus early
• congress said no
• refused to leave
• Hoover calls military
• chaos

• contrast b/t 2 ideologies on the role and function of gov't
• Hoover runs for re-election
• FDR runs against
• Roosevelt wins

• bank holiday
• Emergency Banking Act
• all banks are closed

• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform
• wanted to accomplish with new deal

• Civilian Conservation Corp
• young men and boys to work on projects
• lived in barracks
• sent money home to family

• Works Progress Administration
• put many people to work
• highway to Keys
• Vulcan's tower

• Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation
• insures money you put in bank
• confidence back in banking

• Securities and Exchange Commission
• govt watchdog agency regulates stock brokers
• confidence back in market

• Agricultural Adjustment Act
• farmers not produce certain amount of acreage
• loans to farmers
• plow under fields
• meant to recover farm prices

• Rural Electrification Act
• 100s of miles of electricity to rural areas
• wires and poles
• jobs

• Social Security Act
• old age pension
• unemployment compensation
• widowed mothers
• dependent children
• aid for disabled

• Tennessee Valley Authority
• dams along Tenn. River Valley area
• created power
• jobs
• Tenn-Tom waterway

• dust storm
• come from drought

• hand in hand with democracy
• free enterprise
• supply and demand and competition
• private property
• US, GB, France

• totalitarian regimes
• production and distribution
• little to no private property

• Karl Marx. class-less society
• no private property

• political and social movement

• more blatant racist and anti-Semitic form of fascism
• private property with gov't control

• Treaty of Versailles
• GD
• Dictatorships
• Minorities vs Dominent members
• Fail of League of nations

• European
• Asian Pacific
• (also North AFrica and Atlantic)

• Germany
• Japan
• Italy

• US
• GB
• France
• USSR

• USSR- Stalin
• GB- Churchill
• Italy- Mussolini
• Germany- Hitler
• US- FDR
• Japan- Hirohito/Tojo

• total access to Oceans
• control of Mediterranean
• prevent Allies shipping/trade from reinforcing supplies to region

• development of atomic bomb
• few knew what they were making
• many said it was immoral to bomb Japan without a warning
• says he is saving American lives

• plane that carries bomb #1
• on Hiroshima

• idea of doing the greatest good for the greatest number
• Truman

• thou shalt not attack non-combatants directly"

• help increase returning soldiers standard of living
• free education, job training, federal loans for homes, farms, or starting a business