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Final Exam Part 1
N/A
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/15/2013

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Cards

Term

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin requires...

 

a.        the release of erythropoietin.

b.       the influx of sodium into the cell.

c.        antibody-antigen reactions.

 d.  the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Definition
D.
Term

Which of the following characteristics does not accurately describe blood?

 a.      pH is 7.35-7.45

b.      it is a connective tissue

c.       deoxygenated blood is blue

d.   average adult volume of approximately 5 liters

Definition
C.
Term

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

 a.      Gamma globulins - immune proteins

b.      Albumins - produced by the liver

c.       Alpha globulins - clotting proteins

d.      Beta globulins - transport lipid soluble substances

Definition
C
Term

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

a.      Platelets

b.      Plasma proteins

c.       Dissolved solutes

d.      Water

Definition
A
Term

Which of the following blood cell types is a complete” cell that contains all the structures and organelles of a typical cell?

a.      Leukocytes

b.     Platelets

c.       Erythrocytes

d.       Both a and c.

Definition
A.
Term

During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles have not yet generated enough pressure to open the...  

a.  atrioventricular valves.

b.  tricuspid and aortic semilunar valves.

c.  semilunar valves.

d.  All of the above

Definition
C
Term

Erythropoietin is best described by which of the following?

a.       A hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

b.       A hormone that stimulates the production of white blood cells.

c.        A clotting factor involved in the formation of a platelet plug.

d.      A plasma protein.

Definition
A
Term

Erythrocytes are able to load/unload oxygen very quickly. This is because...

a.       They have a high surface area to volume ratio.

b.       They lack mitochondria.

c.        They have a limited lifespan.

d.      They are too small to need oxygen.

Definition
A.
Term

9.       During the vascular spasm stage of hemostasis, blood loss is limited through________ of the injured blood vessel.

a.       Vasoactivity

b.       vasoconstriction

c.       vasodilation

Definition
B
Term

Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is derived from the_______ of red blood cells removed from circulation.

a.       heme group

b.       globin

c.        iron

d.      nucleus

Definition
A
Term

During embryonic/fetal development, hematopoiesis occurs in all of the following organs/structures except...

a.  the liver.

b.  the red bone marrow

c.  the spleen.

d.  the yellow bone marrow

e. the embryonic yolk sac.

Definition
D
Term

Which of the following statements regarding the molecule hemoglobin is FALSE?

a.        It consists of a heme group and 4 globin chains.

b.       The heme group binds oxygen.

c.        Iron ions form the center of each heme group

d.       It is more important for the transport of CO2.rather than Q2,

Definition
D
Term

  Which of the following statements regarding the molecule hemoglobin is FALSE?

a.        It consists of a heme group and 4 globin chains.

b.       The heme group binds oxygen.

c.        Iron ions form the center of each heme group

d.       It is more important for the transport of CO2.rather than Q2,

Definition
C
Term

White blood cell production can occur in response to...

a.        erythropoietin

b.       colony stimulating factors

c.        thrombopoietin

d.       histamine

Definition
B
Term

When a blood vessel is damaged, collagen fibers from connective tissues in its wall are exposed to the blood. The most apparent effect of these exposed collagen fibers is to...

a. attract platelets.

b. stimulate vasospasm.

c.   convert prothrombin to thrombin.

d.  limit the release of clotting factors from endothelial cells

Definition
A
Term

Which of the following cells is a phagocyte?  

 A. Neutrophil

              b. Platelet

c.        Basophil

d.        Lymphocyte

e.        Erythrocyte

Definition
A
Term

 Formed elements of the blood include all of the following except…

a.        platelet

b.        basophils

c.        erythrocytes

d.        monocytes

e.              fibrinogens

Definition
E
Term
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Definition
BLANK
Term

Which of the following is TRUE about the atrioventricular valves?

a. They occur between the ventricles and either the pulmonary trunk or aorta.

B. Unlike the semilunar valves, they permit blood to pass in either direction,

C. They include the tricuspid valve.

D. None of the above is true.

Definition
C
Term

Which of the following best describe the pericardium?

a.       It is a fibrous sac that encloses the heart.

b.       It is a serous membrane.

c.       It is comprised of a thick layer of smooth muscle.

d.       It is the body cavity that contains the heart.

Definition
B
Term

__________occur in the intercalated discs and help to ensure that contractile activity of the cardiac muscle cells is coordinated.

A. Desmosomes 

B. Gap junctions

C. Tight junctions

D. Microvilli

E. All of the above

Definition
B
Term

The sympathetic nervous system is able to increase cardiac output by...

a.       increasing heart rate

b.       increasing stroke volume

c.       increasing vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels

d.       All of the above

e.       Both a and c

Definition
E
Term

 Which of the following is normally responsible for initiating the beating of the heart?

a.       Cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata

b.       Sinoatrial node

c.        Autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells

d.      All of the above.

Definition
B
Term

The effect of the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine on cardiac output is most similar to the effects of the parasympathetic division of the ANS on cardiac output.

a.       True

b.      False

c.       Not enough information to determine

Definition
B
Term

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the intrinsic conduction system? 

A.  It is includes two nodes.

B. It initiates and coordinates contraction of the heart

C. It includes cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.

                 D. It consists of cardiac muscle cells that are unable to maintain a resting membrane potential.

Definition
C
Term

As the ventricles contract, they generate pressure that will...  

  a. open the semilunar valves.

b.      open the atrioventricular valves.

c.       open both sets of valves.

d.      close both sets of valves.

Definition
A.
Term
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Definition
Blank
Term

Most of ventricular filling with blood occurs

a. due to the effects of gravity

  b.       due to the force of atrial contraction

  c.        due to the elastic recoil of the aorta and pulmonary trunks

  d.       none of the above

Definition
A.
Term

The lack of the tunica media and tunica externa in the capillaries facilitates...?

a.        hemostasis

b.       vasoconstriction

c.        nutrient/waste exchange

d.  acid-base balance

Definition
C
Term

Which of the following sequences places the intrinsic conduction system in the correct order?

a.        SA node - internodal pathway - AV node - interventricular bundle - bundle branches -purkinje fibers

b.       AV node- internodal pathway - SA node - interventricular bundle - bundle branches -purkinje fibers

c.        SA node - interventricular bundle - AV node - internodal pathway -bundle branches -purkinje fibers

d.       SA node - internodal pathway - AV node - bundle branches - interventricular bundle-purkinje fibers

Definition
A
Term

The tunica media consists of...

a.      simple squamous endothelium.

b.      smooth muscle.

c.        an external elastic lamina.

d.       dense connective tissue.

Definition
B
Term

Which of the following vessels normally handles blood under the highest pressure (relative to the others)?

a.        Superior vena cava

b.       Brachial artery

c.        Aorta

d.       Capillary

Definition
C
Term

Which of the following statements regarding the muscular arteries is TRUE?

a.  The smooth muscle in the walls of muscular arteries is more vasoactive than that found in elastic arteries.

b.       Muscular arteries are located nearest the heart and include the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

c.        Muscular arteries have a much larger tunica externa than elastic arteries.

d.       The diameter of muscular arteries is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Definition
A
Term

Which of the following places the layers associated with the heart in proper sequence (superficial to deep-most)?

a.   Fibrous pericardium - parietal pericardium - epicardium - myocardium – endocardium

b.  Epicardium - fibrous pericardium - parietal pericardium - myocardium - endocardium

c.        Endocardium - myocardium - epicardium - parietal pericardium - fibrous pericardium

d.        None of the above

Definition
A
Term

_________________________ refers to the blood remaining in the ventricles immediately after contraction has occurred.

a.        Stroke volume

b.       End-diastolic volume

c.        End-systolic volume

d.  Ejection fraction

Definition
C
Term

Ventricular systole is best associated with the_________________________ on an electrocardiogram.

a.  P wave

b.  QRS Complex

c. T wave

d. A wave

Definition
B
Term

During capillary exchange a number of different substances leave or enter the bloodstream to/from the interstitial fluid.   Along these lines, which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. Oxygen - leaves bloodstream

b. Wastes - enters bloodstream

c. Carbon dioxide - leaves bloodstream

d. Water - both leaves and enters bloodstream

Definition
C
Term

The right ventricle...

 a.        pumps blood to the systemic circuit.

b.        receives blood from the pulmonary circuit.

c.        receives blood from the systemic circuit.

d.        pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit.

Definition
D
Term

The textbook describes that in the fetal heart, a passageway occurs through the interatrial wall that permits blood to move directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.

 

a.        True

b.       False

Definition
A
Term

Veins differ from arteries in which of the following ways?

a.      Larger veins may possess valves.

b.      Veins have a reduced tunica media.

c.        Veins handle blood under lower pressure.

d.      All of the above are correct.

Definition
D
Term

Which of the following best describes the relationship between capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPC) and capillary osmotic pressure (OPc)?

a.       Both forces are responsible for driving nutrients from the bloodstream into the interstitial space.

b.      HPC drives fluid from the bloodstream; OPc is responsible for reabsorption of fluid back to the bloodstream.

c.       OPc always exceeds HPC

d.      OPc is more important than HPC in the process of capillary exchange.

 

Definition
B
Term

During capillary exchange small solutes such as oxygen (02) are exchanged primarily by...?

a.            Diffusion

b.           Filtration

c.            Osmotic pressure

d.      Peripheral resistance

Definition
A
Term

Blood is shunted away from the true capillaries when the...

a.              postcapillary venule is closed.

b.              precapilary sphincters are contracted.

c.               terminal arterioles are open.

         d.             None of the above

Definition
B
Term

Determine net filtration pressure (NFP = HPNET - OPNET) when:


HPc = 25

HPIF=0  

OPc = 26

OP IF=1  

 

a.         10 mm Hg

b.        0 mm Hg

c.       -10 mm Hg

d.       -1 mm Hg

Definition
B
Term

Blood pressure declines continuously as blood moves away from the heart due primarily to the effects of...

a.      ventricular diastole

b.      gravity

c.       venous valves

d.      peripheral resistance

Definition
D
Term

The red bone marrow contains highly permeable capillaries, called _____________capillaries that allow the movement of blood cells into the blood stream.

a.      Continuous

b.      Fenestrated

c.      sinusoidal

Definition
C
Term

The respiratory pump is one factor that aids the return of venous blood to the heart. Factors such as this are necessary because...

 

a.      of low blood pressure in the venous system.

b.      of the effects of gravity

c.       of increased peripheral resistance.

d.       all of the above

e.       both a and b

Definition
E
Term

Which of the following responses concerning peripheral resistance is incorrect?

 

a.       ^ blood viscosity = ^peripheral resistance

b.       ^vessel length = ^peripheral resistance

c.        ^vasodilation= decrease in peripheral resistances

d.       ^turbulence= decrease in peripheral resistance

Definition
D
Term

Blood pressure is regulated in the short-term by reflexes overseen by the...

 

a.      intrinsic conduction system

b.      autonomic nervous system

c.       endocrine system

d.      cerebral cortex

Definition
B
Term

As discussed in the textbook, prior to age 45, woman are better protected against atherosclerosis than men due to the protective effects of...

 

a.      testosterone

b.      prolactin

c.       antidiuretic hormone

d.      estrogen

Definition
D
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