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Final exam for survey of history
david fountain drjadco
34
History
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2014

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Term

What beliefs that made up the ideology of manifest destiny?

 

Definition

Manifest destiny rested on the idea that america was destined by god and by history to expand its boundaries over the entire North American continent.

it characterized american nationalism and the idealistic vision of the social perfection that fueled so much of the reform energy of the time

Term
How and why the government of mexico moved from favoring to opposing american immigration into texas
Definition

americans such as stephen austin started creating centers of power in the region and competed with the mecican government.  in 1826 they led a revolt to establish texas.

mexico didnt like that very much

Term
the outcome and consequences of the battle of San Jacinto
Definition
General Sam Huston defeated the mecican army and took Santa Anna prisoner.  Anna signed a treaty giving texas independence from mexico but the mexican government did not honer the agreement
Term
why texas did not immediately join the US
Definition
Northerners opposed acquiring a large new slave territory and others opposed increasing kthe southern votes in congress
Term
Who were americans that traveled west on the overland trail
Definition

mostly rich families in search of new oppertunities. often traveled in family groups.

this held true until the gold rush in 1850

Term
the platform of Presiden James Polk and what lands he wanted to acquire
Definition
the re-occupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of Texas at the earliest practicable time
Term
what James Polk sought to accomplish as president and what he did accomplish
Definition

he wanted to acquire new mexico and california from mexico.

he accomplished this by defeating the mexicans in the mexican war

Term
the key to victory for the US in the Mexican War
Definition
General Scott assembled an army at tampico which the navy transported down the mecican coast to Veracruze.  The army advanced to mexico city and captured it
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Definition
Mexico agreed to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowleged the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas
Term
Wilmont Proviso
Definition
It was a bill that prohibited slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico
Term
Free Soil Party's emergence in 1848 elections as well as its role and importance
Definition

It was formed by opponents of slavery which drew from the exhisting Liberty Party and the antislavery Whig and Democratic Parties which endorsed the Wilmont Proviso

it signified the inability of the existing parties to contain the political passion that slavery was creating

Term
Why the admission of California was a divisive national issue
Definition
because northerners were opposed to allowing a slave state into the union. southerners, of course, wanted a slave state
Term
The intent to circumvent what saw some northern states to pass laws that prevented the deportation of fugitive slaves in the 1850s
Definition

Northern opposiiton to the Fugitive Slave Act intensified when southerners began appearing in northern states to persue people they claimed were fugitives.

As a result, northern states passed laws barring the deportation of fugitive slaves.

the intent was to provide a safe place for slaves

Term
The terms of the compromise of 1850 and what it settled
Definition

it was a series of measures to be voted on one by one that would allow different sections to support the elements of the compromise that they liked or opposed.

the book does not go into detail on what was actually in the compromise but it does say that the fugitive slave law was part of it.

Term
What was the Young America movement?
Definition

it was a movement that saw the expansion of American democracy throughout the wold as a way to divert attention from the controversies over slavery.

it focused on expanding american commerce in the Pacific and acquiring new territories in the Western Hemisphere

Term
Otend Manifesto and its importance
Definition
The onsted Manifesto was a private document from Onsted, Belgium, to president pierce, making a case for taking cuba by force.  it was leaked to the public and raged many antislavery northerners who charged the admistration with conspiring to bring a new slave state into the union.
Term
What was the Kansas -Nebraska act and its importance
Definition

Douglas wanted to organize the territory known as nebraska for the transcontinental railroad.

he made a bill that would repeal the missouri compromise and divide the territory into two new territories Kansas and nebraska. Nebraska was likely to become a free state and Kansas was likely to become a slave state.

the bill distroyed the Whig party and divided the democrats by dividing it and creating controversary over the repeal of the missouri compromise. 

the people leaving the 2 parties formed the Republican Party.

Term
the beating of Charles Sumner
Definition

Charles was opposed to slavery. gave a speach titled " the crime against kansas" where he attacked senator Andrew P butler and called his wife names.

Buttler's nephew, Priston Brooks attacked Sumner and beat him with his cane.

Term
The beliefs and ideology of the FreeSoil party and what it designed to stop
Definition

Centered on the belief in free soil and free labor. slavery was moral evil and must be eliminated.

slavery was dangerous because of what it threatened to do to whites.

citizens had the right to own property, to control their own labor and have opportunities for advancement.

believed that the south was the antithesis of democracy by being a closed, static society.

Term
The arguements of Sourhern defenders of slavery.
Definition

slavery was a positive good that kept the blacks in check. it made it possible for the 2 races to live together. it was good for the country because slavery was the key to the prosperity of the nation.

it served as the basis for southern way of life, which was superior to all other ways of life.

Term
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Definition
Dred Scott was a slave who sued his master's widow for freedom on the grounds that his residence in free territory liberated him from slavery. Missouri court declared him free but the supreme court reversed the decision on the grounds that Scott was not a citizen and had no rights
Term

what did many southerners assume following John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?

 

Definition
it convienced them that they could not live safely in the union and that the Republican Party was committed to producing a slave insurrection
Term
What were the results of the 1860 election and what did southerners take away from Lincoln's victory
Definition

Lincoln won with less that 40% of the votes.

the south felt their position in the union was hopeless

Term
Buchanan's position relative to succession
Definition
Buchanan told Congress that no state had the right to secede from the Union but suggested that the federal gov. had no authority to stop a state, if it did
Term
The strengths and weaknesses of the North and South
Definition

The north had more people, money, factories,railroads, farms.-advantage

the north had to fight the war in the south-disadvantage

the commitment was precarious.

the south's commitment was firm and clear.

the south did not have to defeat the north, just keep from losing-advantage

 

Term
the introduction of a new income tax that was enacted by the US Congress to help finance the war
Definition
the US gov. of the north financed to war by levying taxes, issuing paper currency and borrowing.  they levied new taxes on almost all goods and services, which rose rates to 10% on incomes above 5,000
Term
The reaction to the Union's national draft law in New York
Definition
a wide-spread, 4 day riot lead mostly by the irish workforce that believed the war was fought for the benefit of Blacks who would eventually take their jobs
Term
Lincoln's use of power as commander-in-chief
Definition
he assembled a cabinet representating every faction of the Republican Party and every segment of Northern opinion. he increased his war powers by moving troups into battle without the concent of congress and increased the size of the army without recieving legislative authority to do so and made a naval blockade of the South
Term
who were the Copperheads
Definition

they were the "peace Democrats" who opposed the war. many were arrested for opposing the war.

Lincoln subjected all people to martial law which suspended the right of habeas corpus.

Term
what aided Lincoln's victory in the 1864 election
Definition
several northern victories-the capture of alanta, georgia- rejuvenated the Northern moral and boosted republican prospects.
Term
The Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
Lincoln declared freedom to all slaves in the Confederate states because he had no right to free the slaves in the Union states because he lacked the "war powers" to do so
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