Term
| Which vertebrae are located in the neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae are located in the upper back? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae are located in the lower back? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the canal in each vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yes/No: When an athlete has sustained a blow to the head that may be severe enough to cause further harm, is it recommended that the athletic trainer follow proper procedures for spinal management? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: If you suspect a skull fracture, apply direct pressure to the injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Spinal Injuries occur most often at the cervical level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A __________ injury, where the moving head hits a stationary object, occurs on the opposite side of the point of contact |
|
Definition
contrecoup
(more severe than coup injuries) |
|
|
Term
| A _____________ injury, where a moving object hits a stationary head, the injury is on the same side as contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spine consists of how many vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gymnast falls off the uneven bars and lands directly on top of her head, Which mechanism of injury would be involved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ often mimic spinal cord injuries but are usually transient. Characteristic of burning pain in arm and shoulder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disruption of meningeal arteries causing an accumulation of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by a blow to the head and a consequent rip or tear in meningeal arteries
- can have a lucid period when no symptoms occur, but as bleeding continues can lead to severe neurological dysfunction, loss of conciousness, and death
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blow disrupting venous blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disruption of normal physiological processes
WE DO NOT GRADE CONCUSSIONS |
|
|
Term
| What are some precautions for Skull and Brain Management |
|
Definition
- suspect spinal injury
- establish level of conciousness
- stabilize head and neck
- initial assessment
- physical assessment
- check and care for shock
- secure to spine board, if applicable
- ongoing assessment
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head is driven caudally or pushed downward |
|
|
Term
| Common mechanisms of spinal injury |
|
Definition
- axial loading
- excessive flexion or extension of the cervical vertebrae
- rotation of spinal column
- excessive lateral bending
|
|
|
Term
| what is the mechanism of injury for a burner/stinger? |
|
Definition
MECHANISMS
- compressive force: head and neck move posterolateral toward one side
- Tensile force: arm and neck move in opposite directions
|
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of a stinger |
|
Definition
- burning sensation at neck and upper lim on affected side
- muscle weakness
- loss of grip strength
- numbness and tingling
- loss of motor funtion
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a traction or compression injury of the brachial plexus that causes a tingling/burning sensation of the affected shoulder/arm/hand area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crushed or splintered bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rigid extension of the limbs as a result of brain injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal flexion of the extremities due to brain injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditions resulting from an injury, disease, or trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ballooning or widening of a portion of an artery, which can cause it to rupture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the falure of the body to recognize its own self, resulting in an immune response against its own cells and tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a vessel to block it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid in the labryinth of the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high blood glucose seen in a woman during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high blood sugar or glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low blood sugar or glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone produced by the pancreas to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal deep breathing pattern seen in individuals with metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an autoimmune disease that destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most common form of diabetes, which the body does not produce enough insulin or there is an insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sensation of spinning or swaying while the body is stationary |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for blood glucose levels? |
|
Definition
90-130mg/dL
(always less than 180mg/dL) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: it is fine for an athlete to exercise if ketones are present in his or her blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by-product of metabolism of fatty acids, as ketones accumulate in the blood, the blood becomes more acidic resulting ketoacidosis |
|
|
Term
| T/F: intracerebral hemorrhage occurs with bleeding from vessels in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of seizure is characterized by brief, shocklike jerks of a muscle or muscle group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of seizure is characterized by brief (lasting up to 20 seconds) episodes of staring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Vertigo results from a disruption of the inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of stroke results from the breakage of a blood vessel in the brain and the consequent internal bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feeling faint and light headed without loss of conciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when and how should ketones be checked? |
|
Definition
| when blood glucose is greater than 240mg/dL and by urinalysis |
|
|
Term
| low blood sugar of <50mg/dL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as brief episodes of staring |
|
|
Term
| atypical absence seizures |
|
Definition
| classified as a seizure lasting less than 20 seconds characterized by a stare or associated with blinking or brief automatic movements of the mouth or hands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as brief, shocklike jerks of a muscle or muscle group. Usually begin during childhood but can occur at any age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as a sudden loss of muscle tone; may cause the head to nod or drop, eyelids may droop, or there may be a loss of leg strenth (falling). Individual does not lose conciousness and lasts less than 15 seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as an increase in muscle tone with stiffening of the body, arms, or legs. Occur most often during sleep; however, if the individual is standing, he or she will fall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle, which cannot be stopped by restraining or repositioning the arms or legs. RARE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classified as a loss of conciousness, falling, stiffening, and jerking; previously called a grand mal seizure. Individuals might bite tongue or cheek and may turn blue in the face, Bladder or bowel control may be compromised. Conciousness returns slowly, and the person may be drowsy, confused, agitated, or depressed. Lasts 1-3 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transient but recurrent disturbances of brain function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 3rd leading cause of death
- CAUSE: blood clot blocks artery or vessel, interrupting blood flow
- FaceArmSpeechTime
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clot disrupts blood supply
- embolic- clot travels to brain
- thrombotic- blockage within brain
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breakage of vessel in brain
- subarachnoid- aneurysm in large artery near subarachnoid lining
- intracerebral- bleeding from vessels within the brain
|
|
|
Term
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
|
Definition
ministroke (warning sign of stroke)
caused by lack of blood flow to brain (clot blockage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light headedness before fainting from decreased blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brief loss of conciousness |
|
|
Term
| Which wrist bone is most commonly fractured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soccer player is kicked during a game resulting in a fractured tibia. What is the MOI in this case |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: pelvic fractures in athletics are rare |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures of the clavicle are most common in which age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| traumatic dislocations of the shoulder girdle make up what percentage of all shoulder girdle injuries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Before assessing any muscoloskeletal injuries an athlete might have, immediately remove all protective equipment the athlete may be wearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___________ joint functions to maintain the relationship between the clavicle and scapula during the early and late stages of joint motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures of which bone are often due to a direct blow to the midthigh or rotational forces resulting in an isolated midshaft fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Falling on an outstretched arm can result in what kind of force to the shoulder girdle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shoulder dislocations of the _________________ joint result from poor congruency between the humeral head and glenoid fossa of the scapula. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two or more consecutive ribs on the same side of the chest have been fractured in at least 2 places. Paradoxic respiratory movements of the injured segment and loss of respiratory efficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity caused by rupture of blood vessels due to trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse fracture of the proximal shaft of thee fifth metatarsal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of air/gas in the pleural cavity - May be due to trauma but can also occur spontaneously |
|
|
Term
| sternoclavicular joint sprains |
|
Definition
posterior: greater risk of life threatening emergency
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typically middle third and most common in children |
|
|
Term
| acromioclavicular joint injures |
|
Definition
grade I/II: ligament sprain
grade III: sprain/dislocation
grades IV to VI: greater displacement of AC joint; requires surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paralysis of the radial nerve leading to the loss of function of the muscles innervted by the radial nerve
(displaced or midshaft humeral fracture) |
|
|
Term
| Volkmann's ischemic contracture |
|
Definition
| ishcemic contracture resulting from irreversible necrosis of muscle tissue following brachial artery injury, classically involving the forearm flexor muscles |
|
|
Term
| anterior shoulder dislocations account for what percent of all shoulder dislocations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which wrist bone is most commonly dislocated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: High-altitude illnesses are quite common at altitudes around 1,500m or 4,900 feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Frostbite cannot occur if the temperature is above 32°F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A thunderstorm is approaching the soccer field where you are working the game. You see a lightning strike and note that the thunder follows 15 seconds later. Using the flash-to-bang method, about how far away was the lightning strike? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: In cases of hyperthermia, the athlete should be transported to a medical facility before undergoing whole-body cooling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what skin temperature does dry tissue typically freeze? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of people struck by lightning are killed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Thawed tissues that refreeze almost always die |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which measurement of core body temperature is most accurate in attempting to identify exertional heat stroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An athlete with hyperthermia should undergo total body cooling until his or her temperature is below: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following conditions is caused by excessive sweating and is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| core body temperature above normal resting body temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- core temperature over 104°F
- can progress to thermoegulatory system failure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cold water immersion: 41 to 49°F
- cool first and transport second
- remove clothing and equipmwnr
- support head/maintain airway
- monitor vital signs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to continue exercise combined with heavy sweating, dehydration, sodium loss, and energy depletion; core temperature less than 104°F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intense, involuntary, painful, sudden, spasmodic contractions of skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- plasma sodium concentration less than 130mol/L
- long duration, low intensity events lasting longer than 4 hours
- considerable sweating
- low-sodium diet
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of heat from body faster than it is produced resulting in decreased body temperature
- core temperature below 95% rectal thermometer
|
|
|
Term
| How do you manage hypothermia? |
|
Definition
- remove wet clothing
- protect from cold
- fluids containing carbohydrates
- passively heat aread of high heat transfer (groin, axillae, neck)
|
|
|
Term
| How warm should the water bath be to rewarm frozen tissue? |
|
Definition
| 98-104 degrees (circulate water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crystallization of fluids in skin and subcutaneous tissue after exposure to subfreezing temperatures (commonly affects extremities) |
|
|
Term
| At what temperature does dry tissue freeze? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what temperature does wet tissue freeze? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low atmospheric pressure at high altitude |
|
|
Term
| High altitude illness is common ascending more than _____________ feet rapidly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common in individuals moving from sea level to altitude higher than 9840 feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time between flash-to-bang less than 30 seconds, move to safer location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an odorless, tasteless, nontoxic black powder that when ingested absorbs almost any toxic substance or poison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a serious allergic reation to an allergen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling underneath the skin as opposed to on the surface of the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition produced by the bite of a spider, usually a gangrenous reaction at the bite site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: allergic contact dermatitis resulting from contact with latex is primarily caused by the additives used in making latex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the disorder of the airways that can cause airway hyperresponsiveness, which may lead to wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing |
|
|
Term
| T/F: A bee can sting you multiple times |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An athlete has been stung by a bee and is having an allergic reaction. What would be most effective in treating the sting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which insect leaves behind a barbed stinger after it stings you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which piece of information about an athlete is critical when treating him or her for ingestion of poison? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: A bite from a black widow spider can cause sharp pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Impaled objects should be removed as soon as possible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Tap water is an appropriate fluid for irrigating most wounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An orbital hematoma is best managed with the application of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cross country runner trips and scrapes their arm. Which kind of wound is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of burn is a sun burn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the case of amputation, what is used to control external hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sterile gauze and nonadherent pads (should not be applied directly to the wound) |
|
|
Term
| semiocclusive and occlusive dressings |
|
Definition
(seal wounds from external environment)
foams, films, hydrogels, hydrocolloids, and skin adhesives- provides moist wound environment |
|
|
Term
| T/F: lacerations of the oral cavity heal more slowly than open wounds on the extremities and trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What instrument is used to evaluate the tympanic membrane of the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trauma induced bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tearing force with removal of skin or soft tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uni- or multidirectional shear forces with presence of moisture; collection of fluid between epidermis and dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharp tensile force, clean or regular break in skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tension and shear force; irregular tear in skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tensile loading and penetration of sharp object into skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blunt force; hemorrhage underneath skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Care for soft tissue injuries |
|
Definition
- hemorrhage control
- cleansing
- debridement
- dressing of wound
- (treatment of shock)
|
|
|
Term
| T/F: In an emergency it is important to determine the specific type of skeletal fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a baseball pitcher is hit in the chest by a line drive, what kind of force is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: An advantage of rigid splints are their ability to conform to injuries involving a significant deformity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of splint comprised of 3 rigid, padded boards and a U-shaped foot piece |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fracture where the skin is broken at the site of the fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blankets, pillows, towels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| splint designed to apply a constant pull along the length of the limb to stabilize the fracture, reduce blood loss, reduce muscle spasms, and maintain distal vascular blood supply |
|
|
Term
| which type of splint due to its cylindrical shape should not be used for compound or displaced fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when passed under cool water, undergoes a chemical reaction that hardens its padded fiberglass insert |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of blood pumped per heart beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
totalk amount of blood pumped per minute
CO=SV•HR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure exerted on vessel walls when heart pumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure exerted on vessel walls when heart is not pumping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difference between systolic and diastolic BP
EX: 120/80 = pulse pressure of 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivery of oxygen and blood to the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inadequate amount of blood delivered to body, or blood loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- compensation for hypoperfusion
- blood flow to extremeties is decreased and focused on major organs
- decreased blood flow to brain
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from body's efforts to redirect blood flow to major organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body's inability to adjust to blood/fluid loss or inadequate perfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body can no longer attempt to correct, or adjust for blood loss, adequate perfusion cannot be maintained, hypoxia causes tissue death and irreversible organ damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by dehydration, vomiting, or blood loss (total amount of fluid in body falls below normal values) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by loss of blood and oxygen-carrying capacity of blood (excessive internal and external bleeding)
- compensated: less than 1,000mL blood loss
- mild: 1,000-1,500 mL blood loss
- moderate: 1,500-2,000mL blood loss
- severe: more than 2,000mL blood loss (LIFE THREATENING)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reaction to allergen; dilation of local blood vessels and leakage of plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe bacterial or fungal infection; can lead to organ failure and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden loss of function in autonomic nervous system; spinal cord injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysfunction of hearts ability to pump blood; myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, valvular dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| hypoglycemic (insulin) shock |
|
Definition
| diabetic athletes; blood sugar level below normal, treat with ingestion of soda or fruit juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden exposure to fear, joy, anger, or grief; dilation of vessels and decline of blood pressure (fainting may occur) |
|
|
