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Final Exam
Dr. Berry
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/04/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Velopharyngeal-nasal and Pharyngeal-oral
Definition
Two functional divisions of supraglottal airway
Term
Pterygopharyngeus, Buccopharyngeus, Mylopharyngeus, Glossopharyngeus
Definition
Superior Constrictors
Term
Chondropharyngeus and Ceratopharyngeus
Definition
Middle Constrictors
Term
Thyropharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus
Definition
Inferior Constrictors
Term
Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus, and Palatopharyngeus
Definition
Pharyngeal muscles
Term
Superior Constrictors
Definition
Constrict upper part of pharynx
Term
Middle Constrictors
Definition
Constrict middle part of pharynx
Term
Inferior constrictors
Definition
Constrict lower part of pharynx
Term
Salpingopharyngeus
Definition
Pulls the lateral wall of pharyngeal upward and inward to decrease pharyngeal width
Term
Stylopharyngeus
Definition
Pulls upward on pharynx and larynx and pulls the lateral walls of the pharynx away from midline, effectively widening pharyngeal lumen
Term
Palatopharyngeus
Definition
Upper fivers pull lateral walls of pharynx inward; lower fibers pull upward on lateral walls of pharynx moving pharynx and larynx upward and forward
Term
Palatal levator, Palatal tensor, Uvulus, Glossopalatine, Pharyngopalatine
Definition
Velopharyngeal muscles
Term
Palatal Levator
Definition
Raises velum
Term
Palatal Tensor
Definition
Opens auditory tube, increases tension in soft palate
Term
Uvulus
Definition
Shortens and raises velum
Term
Glossopalatine
Definition
Depresses velum and elevates tongue
Term
Pharyngopalatine
Definition
Narrows pharyngeal cavity
Term
anatomical constraints imposed by interconnections to structures below and acoustic requirements necessary to ensure the appropriate nasality of utterance
Definition
Why does velopharyngeal closure vary with vowel height?
Term
Airway resistance, sphincter compression, acoustic impedance
Definition
Velopharyngeal-nasal control variables
Term
Velopharyngeal-nasal airway resistance
Definition
Airflow dependent opposition to mass flow of air across the velopharyngeal port, nasal cavities, and outer nose; Varies from less than 1.0 cm/H20/ LPS (wide open) to infinity (complete obstruction)
Term
Sphincter Compression
Definition
Force required to maintain airtight velopharngeal closure; muscular pressure must exceed magnitude of air pressure difference across velopharyngeal sphincter to prevent opening
Term
Acoustic Impedance
Definition
Frequency dependent opposition to wave propagation; small when velopharyngeal port is open and nearly infinite when it is closed
Term
size of velopharngeal port, configuration of oral cavity, configuration of nasal cavity, engorgement of nasal cavity
Definition
Components of velopharyngeal-nasal acoustic impedance
Term
Root
Definition
Fixed part of tongue
Term
Apex
Definition
Free, like margins of tongue
Term
Dorsum
Definition
Upper surface of tongue
Term
Filiform
Definition
Gives tongue toughness and provide friction
Term
Fungiform
Definition
Scattered widely over tongue and give it reddish hue
Term
Genioglossus
Definition
Retracts tongue and draws tongue forward
Term
Hypoglossus
Definition
Pulls sides of tongue down
Term
Palatoglossus
Definition
Elevates back of tongue
Term
Styloglossus
Definition
Elevates and retracts tongue
Term
Genioglossus, Hypoglossus, Palatoglossus, Styloglossus
Definition
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Term
Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical
Definition
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Term
Superior Longitudinal
Definition
Elevates Tip
Term
Inferior Longitudinal
Definition
Pulls tip down; retracts tongue
Term
Transverse
Definition
Pulls edges toward midline to narrow tongue
Term
Vertical
Definition
Pulls tongue down
Term
Levator labii superious alaeque nasi
Definition
Elevates upper lip and dilates nostril
Term
Zygomaticus minor
Definition
Elevates upper lip
Term
Levator angulis oris
Definition
Elevates corner of mouth
Term
Zygomaticus major
Definition
Pulls corner of mouth superolaterally
Term
Mentalis
Definition
Raises and protrudes lower lip
Term
Buccinator
Definition
Aids in mastication, sucking, and blowing
Term
Temporalis
Definition
Anterior fibers elevate mandible, posterior fibers retract it
Term
Masseter
Definition
Elevates mandible
Term
Levator Labii Superioris
Definition
Elevates upper lip
Term
Depressor labii inferioris
Definition
Depresses lower lip and draws it laterally
Term
Risorious
Definition
Pulls corner of mouth laterally
Term
Depressor anguli oris
Definition
Depresses corner of mouth
Term
Malaris
Definition
May be absent in some individuals
Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
Elevates and draws back hyoid bone, floor of mouth, and base of tongue
Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
Raises floor of mouth during swallowing and depresses mandible
Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
Depresses hyoid bone and raises larynx
Term
Posterior belly of digastric
Definition
Depresses mandible and can elevate hyoid bone
Term
Anterior belly of digastric
Definition
Depresses and retracts mandible and can elevate base of tongue and hyoid bone
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
Depresses hyoid
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
Depresses hyoid and larynx
Term
Sternothyroid
Definition
Depresses larynx
Term
Platysma
Definition
Associated with horror
Term
Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
Opens jaw by pulling forward the mandibular condyle and articular disc
Term
Medial Pterygoid
Definition
Elevates mandible and contributes to lateral and protrusive movements
Term
Geniohyoid
Definition
Originates from inferior genial tubercle, elevates hyoid bone and is a weak depressor of mandible
Term
Depression
Definition
Opening of mouth from rest
Term
Elevation
Definition
Closing mouth to rest
Term
Carrying mandible forward from rest
Definition
Protrusion
Term
Carrying mandible back to rest
Definition
Retraction
Term
Side to side movement from rest position
Definition
Lateral movement
Term
Lateral pterygoid, digastric muscles
Definition
Muscles involved in depression
Term
Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
Definition
Muscles involved in elevation
Term
Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, masseter
Definition
Muscles involved in protrusion
Term
Temporalis, digastric, lateral pterygoids
Definition
Muscles involved in retraction
Term
lateral pterygoids, temporalis
Definition
Muscles involved in lateral movements
Term
Damping forces
Definition
Type of forces that are related to conversion of energy from airstream to tissue
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