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Final Exam Study
Rad 106 Final Exam
161
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
In order to demonstrate the first two cervical vertebra in the AP projection, the patient is positioned in what position?
Definition
Ap open mouth odontoid
Term
Colles Fracture
Definition
distal radius fx posteriorly displaced
Term
In which positions/projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized?
Definition
lateral foot, calcaneous, ankle, plantodorsal
Term
Which projection requires that the sholder be placed in internal rotation?
Definition
lateral humerus, elbow, and internal rotation shoulder
Term
What structures are part of the bony thorax?
Definition
sternum, thoracic spine, 12 pair of ribs
Term
Which projection is most likely to demonstrate the carpal pisiform without superompositon?
Definition
carpal tunnel, ganor hart, AP oblique
Term
Which projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint?
Definition
AP oblique 45 degree medial rotation
Term
The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left bronchi
Definition
carina
Term
For the AP projection of the scapula
Definition
arm is abducted 90 degrees and flexed 90 degrees, CR centered 2 inches inferior to coracoid process
Term
Whats structures articulate with the base of the metatarsals?
Definition
1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms and the cuboid
Term
What structures are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Definition
zygapophyseal joints
Term
The coronoid process should be visualized in profile in which of the following positions?
Definition
medial oblique elbow
Term
Which projections of the abdomen may be used to demonstrate air or fluid levels?
Definition
left lateral decubitus, dorsal decubitus, upright abdomen
Term
To best visualize the lower ribs the exposure should be made:
Definition
with the patient lying supine, on full expiration, high kVp
Term
What are the characteristics of the hypersthenic body habitus?
Definition
massively built, shallow from top to bottom, deep from front to back
Term
What is demonstrated on the AP projection of the cervical spine?
Definition
C3-T2, vertebral bodies, space btw pedicles and intervertebral joint spaces, transverse processes, and spinous processes in midline
Term
When examining a patient, whose elbow is in partial flexion, how should the AP projection be obtained?
Definition
perform partial flexion series with humerus parallel to IR, then forearm parallel to IR
Term
Which fracture classifications best describes one fracture composed of several fragments?
Definition
comminuted fx
Term
Which should the patient be instructed to remove prior to an xray of the chest?
Definition
shirt, bra, piercings or jewelry in the chest and abdomen, necklaces, dangling earrings
Term
A lateral projection of the hand in extension is often recommended to evaluate?
Definition
foreign bodies
Term

What is recommended when positioning the patient for a lateral projection of the chest?

 

Definition
raise arms completely above head, lift chin
Term
xray film identification markers inculde:
Definition
date, R or L, tech initials, facility
Term
In which projection of the foot are the sinus tarsi, cuboid, and tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal best demonstrated?
Definition
oblique foot
Term
What criteria is used to evaluate a PA projection of the chest?
Definition
entire lung from apices to costophrenic angles, 10 ribs, air filled trachea from T1 down, hilum, heart shadow, bony thorax
Term
Which of the following is an important consideration in order to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal joint overlap in the oblique projection of the hand?
Definition
use a 45 degree sponge, do not over or under rotate
Term
In the posterior oblique positon of the cervical spine, the intervertebral foramina best seen are those:
Definition
farthest from the IR
Term
Which criteria are required for visualization of the greater tuberosity in profile?
Definition
humerus in lateral position, external rotation
Term
In the lateral position of the foot:
Definition
the lateral edge of the foot is placed  parallel to the IR, knee slightly flexed, entire foot is demonstrated w/ 1 inch of distal tib/fib, metarsals nearly superimposed, tibiotalor joint
Term
What should be performed to rule out subluxation or fracture of the cervical spine?
Definition
cross table lateral
Term
The ulna articulates with what portion of the humerus to help form the elbow joint?
Definition
Trochlea
Term
The pars interarticulars is represented by what part of the scotty dog seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumber spine?
Definition
Neck
Term
What position/projection will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulna?
Definition
external oblique elbow
Term
Which structures are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the thoracic spine?
Definition
intervertebral foramina
Term
The two palpable bony landmarks generally used to accurately positon the hip are?
Definition
symphysis pubis, and ASIS
Term
What is used to evaluate the shoulder in its anatomic position?
Definition
greater tuberosity in profile
Term
Oblique positions of the chest
Definition

60 degress LAO - heart and great vessels, right atrium

45 degrees RAO - left lung

Term
The pedicle is represented by what part of the scotty dog seen on an accuratley positioned oblique of the lumbar spine?
Definition
Eye
Term
Which porjections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?
Definition
lateral oblique foot
Term
What are the components of a trimalleolar fracture?
Definition
fractures of the medial, lateral, and posterior malleoli
Term
In the lateral projection of the knee:
Definition
patient is lying on affected side with unaffected leg forward, knee flexed 20-30 degrees, femoral epocondyles superimposed, patella in lateral profile
Term
Which positions is used to demonstrate vertical patellar fractures and the femoropatellar articulation?
Definition
lateral patella, PA patella, hughston
Term
The apophyseal articulations of the thoracic spine are demonstrated with what position?
Definition
obliques
Term
Which position/projection is used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Grashey, inferosuperior, Scap Y
Term
Radiograhic examination of the AC joints:
Definition
w/ and w/o weights, both joints on one film, entire clavicles including SC joints
Term
A patient lying down is said to be:
Definition
recumbent
Term
What is most likely to be the correct routine for a radiographic examination of the forearm?
Definition
AP and lateral
Term
The uppermost portion of the iliac crest is approximately at the same level as:
Definition
L4-5
Term
The scapular Y projection of the shoulder demonstrates:
Definition
subluxation of the glenohumeral joint, acromion, coracoid process
Term
The 5th metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand?
Definition
medial
Term
The plane that passes vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior halves is:
Definition
midcoronal plane
Term
Which is recommended in order to better demostrate the tarsometatarsal joints in the dorsoplantar projection of the foot?
Definition
10 degree posterior angle
Term
Which bony landmark is in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis?
Definition
greater trochanter
Term
Which will best demonstrate AC joint separation?
Definition
AP AC joints with weights
Term
Which vertebral groups form the lordotic curves?
Definition
cervical and lumbar
Term
With which of the following does the trapezium articulate?
Definition
trapezoid, scaphoid, amnd 1st metacarpal
Term
Which projection will best demonstrate the carpal navicular?
Definition
modified stetcher method, ulnar devation
Term
The manubrial notch is approximately at the same level as:
Definition
T2-3
Term

In the lateral projection of the ankle the:

 

Definition
the lateral side of the foot parallel to IR, 1/3 of distal tib/fib, talus, calcaneous will be in profile, tuberosity of 5th metatarsal, cuboid, and navicular will be visualized
Term
Which positions is required to demonstrate small amounts of air in the plueral cavity?
Definition
PA chest, Lat chest, decubitus affected side down
Term
Which position/projection can be used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?
Definition
Camp-Coventry, Holmblad, Beclere
Term
In the lateral projection of the knee, the CR is angles 5 degrees cephalad in order to prevent superimposition of which of the following structures on the joint space?
Definition
medial femoral condyle
Term
The body habitus characterized by a long narrow thoracic cavity and low, midline stomach and gallbladder is the:
Definition
asthenic
Term
In the lateral position of the scapula, the:
Definition

to view the body of the scapula arm is placed across chest

to view the acromion or coracoid arm is behind back

Term
Which is recommended to demonstrate small amounts of air with in the peritoneal cavity?
Definition
PA chest, upright abdomen, KUB
Term
Which is valid criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm?
Definition
olecranon process in profile, complete radius and ulna, slight superimposition of heads and bases of radius and ulna
Term
In which projection is the talofibular joint best demonstrated?
Definition
AP oblique mortise, AP oblique ankle
Term
Which projections of the elbow should demonstrate the coronoid process free of superimposition & the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa?
Definition
medial oblique elbow
Term
Movement of a part away from the midline of the body is termed:
Definition
abduction
Term
The term that refers to parts closer to the source or beginning is:
Definition
proximal
Term
Which of the positions will demonstrate the right axillary ribs?
Definition
RPO & LAO
Term
The location of the sacrum varies in the lateral position due to individual pelvic curves. The sacrum is located:
Definition
distal part of the spine, located in pelvic region posteriorly
Term
Which patient positions will best demonstrate the SC joints?
Definition
prone, RAO, LAO
Term
Describe the male pelvis
Definition
narrow, deep, less flared, acute pubic arch, narrow, heart shaped inlet
Term
During chest radiography, the act of inspiration:
Definition
fills lungs with air, depresses diaphragm to best visualize entire lung field
Term
The manubrial notch, a bony landmark used in radiography of the SC joints, is located at the same level as:
Definition
T2-3
Term
Which bones participates in the formation of the acetabulum:
Definition
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Term
The AP projection of the sacrum requires that the CR be directed:
Definition
midway between the ASIS and symphysis pubis, 15 degrees cephalad
Term
With the patient recumbent and the CR directed horizontally, the patient is said to be in the:
Definition
decubitus position
Term
Which precautions should be observed when radiograohing a patient who has sustained a traumatic injury to the hip?
Definition
do not rotate or flex the hip
Term
Which positions would be obtained with the patient lying prone recumbent on the radiographic table, and the CR directed horizontally to the iliac crest?
Definition
cross table lateral hip
Term
In the AP projection of the ankle, what anatomy is seen and how is it positioned?
Definition
tibia, fibula, talus
Term
Which positions best demonstrate the left axillary portion of the ribs?
Definition
LPO & RAO
Term
What articulates with the base of the first metatarsal?
Definition
1st cuneiform
Term
Which bones participate in the formation of the knee joint?
Definition
tibia & femur
Term
The medial oblique projection of the elbow demonstrates the:
Definition
coronoid process in profile, the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa, (bunny face)
Term
In the posterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the CR should be directed:
Definition
15-20 degrees cephalad
Term
Posterior displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the:
Definition
lateral projection
Term
Which positions would best demonstrate the left apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebra?
Definition
LPO & RAO
Term
The short thick processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body are the:
Definition
pedicles
Term
To better demonstrate ribs below the diaphragm, the patient is instructed to:
Definition
lie down supine, completely exhale
Term
Which projection of the calcaneous is obtained with the leg extended, plantar surface of the foot vertical and perpendicular to the film, and CR directed 40 degrees caudad?
Definition
plantodorsal
Term
Which tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an AXIAL projection of the clavicle, with the patient in the AP recumbent position on the xray table?
Definition
15-30 degree cephalad
Term
A lateral projection of the elbow should demonstrate:
Definition
the olecranon process in profile, radial head superimposed over ulna, humeral epicondyles superimposed
Term
Which procedures use quiet, shallow breathing during the exposure to obliterate prominent pulmonary vascular markings?
Definition
lateral thoracic spine, and RAO sternum
Term
The best projection to demonstrate the articular surfaces of the femoropatellar articulation is the:
Definition
sunrise (settegast or hughston)
Term
The sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
Definition
prone, RAO & LAO
Term
With the patient positioned on the radiographic table in the Camp-Coventry position, how should the CR be directed in order to best demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?
Definition
40-50 degrees caudad
Term
The carpal navicular (scaphoid) may be demonstrated in which projection of the wrist?
Definition
ulnar deviation, modified stetcher method
Term
Free air in the abdominal cavity is best demonstrated in which of the following?
Definition
upright abdomen
Term
The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow demonstrates?
Definition
the coronoid process in profile, olecranon process seated within olecranon fossa, (bunny face)
Term
The greater tubercle should be visualized in profile in which of the following?
Definition
lateral humerus, AP forearm, external rotation shoulder
Term
Which surface of the forearm must be adjacent to the film in order to obtain a lateral projection of the fourth finger with optimal recorded detail?
Definition
medial
Term
The AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices requires the CR to be directed?
Definition
15-20 degrees cephalad
Term
Which anatomy is demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Definition
zygapophyseal joints
Term
What is the evaluation criteria for a PA chest for heart and lungs?
Definition
entire lungs from apices to costophrenic angles, air-filled trachea, 10 ribs
Term
With the patient supine, the left side of the pelvis elevated 25 degrees, and the CR entering 1 inch medial to the ASIS, which of the following is demonstrated?
Definition
left SI joint
Term
Which are valid criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm?
Definition
olecranon process in profile, radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly superimposed over ulna, entire radius and ulna including carpals
Term
To better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the toes, which procedures may be employed?
Definition
15 degree posterior angle
Term
Which is located on the proximal aspect of the femur?
Definition
greater trochanter, femoral head, femoral neck, lesser trochanter
Term
An accurately positioned oblique projection of the 1st-4th lumber vertebra will demonstrate the classic "scotty-dog." What bony structure does the scotty dog's neck represent?
Definition
pars interarticularis
Term
Which positions would demonstrate the right lumber apophyseal articulations closest to the film?
Definition
RPO & LPO
Term
It is essential to question female patients of childbearing age regarding the:
Definition
last menstrual cycle
Term
Gonadal shielding should be provided for male patients in which exams?
Definition
ALL
Term
The RAO position is used to project the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae in order to take advantage of the:
Definition
heart shadow
Term
In the 15 degree medial oblique projection of the ankle the:
Definition
open talotibular joint, distal tibia and fibula, open tibiofibular joint
Term
Which of the following is the most proximal structure on the adult ulna?
Definition
olecranon process
Term
What is the best position/projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot?
Definition
weight bearing lateral
Term
Which position/projection is used to obtain a lateral projection of the upper humerus on patients unable to abduct their arm?
Definition
transthoracic lateral
Term
Which anatomy is located on the distal aspect of the humerus?
Definition
humeral condyles, capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fossa
Term
Which projections require that the shoulder be placed in external rotaion?
Definition
lateral humerus, external rotation shoulder, AP forearm
Term
Which anatomy is demonstrated in the AP projection of the thoracic spine?
Definition
T1-12
Term
Describe the AP projection of the knee and anatomy demonstrated:
Definition
Patient supine, knee extended, CR directed 1 inch inferior to patellar apex, femur, tib/fib
Term
Which anatomical landmarks may be used as landmarks for an AP projection of the hips?
Definition
ASIS & symphysis pubis
Term
The AP projection of the sacrum requires the CR to be directed:
Definition
15 degrees caudad
Term
What is the most superior portion of the scapula?
Definition
acromion
Term
An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture not visualized using a perpendicular CR. When examing the clavicle in the AP position, how is the CR directed for the axial projection?
Definition
15-20 degrees cephalad
Term
Which positions would best demonstrate the left apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae?
Definition
LPO & RAO
Term
The RAO of the cervical spine requires which of the following combinations of tube angle and direction?
Definition
15 degrees caudad
Term
In the AP projection of an asthenic patient whose knee measures less than 19cm from ASIS to table top, the CR should be directed:
Definition
5 degrees caudad
Term
Which shoulder projections may be used to evaluate the lesser tubercle in profile?
Definition
AP humerus, internal rotation shoulder
Term
The AP axial projection of the chest for pulmonary apices:
Definition
requires that the patient lean back or the tube be angled 15-20 degrees cephalad
Term
A joint formed by the anterior end of a rib cartilage and the notch on the lateral margin of the sternum would be correctly called which of the following?
Definition
costosternal
Term
A joint formed by the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the sternum would be correctly called which of the following?
Definition
sternoclavicular
Term
The largest bone in the foot is:
Definition
calcaneous, os calcis, heel
Term
The distal expanded end of the fibula is called the:
Definition
lateral malleolus
Term
Which of the malleoli is part of the distal tibia?
Definition
medial malleolus
Term
Which anatomy should not be seen in an AP radiograph of the hip if the lower extremity is rotated correctly?
Definition
lesser tubercle
Term
When radiographing the cervical spine, which exam should be done to rule out subluxation or fracture?
Definition
cross table lateral
Term
The patient is in the 45 degree oblique LPO position. There is a 15 degree cephalic angle on the tube and is centered to C4. Which anatomic part is visualized?
Definition
right intervertebral foramina
Term
The patient is in a 45 degree oblique LAO position. The CR is perpendicular to the film through L3. Which anatomic part is visualized?
Definition
right zygapophyseal joints
Term
What are the optimal breathing instructions to a cooperative patient to facilitate better visualization of the odontoid on a radiograph?
Definition
stop breathing
Term
What is a lateral curvature of the spine?
Definition
scoliosis
Term
The first pair of ribs articulates with the ______ of the sternum.
Definition
manubrium
Term
How many distal phalanges are in the foot?
Definition
5
Term
What are the bones in the palm of the hand called?
Definition
metacarpals
Term
Identify the proximal row of the carpals in order.
Definition
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Term
A pediatric patient presents to the radiology department with a 2 bone fracture of the forearm, which 2 bones are involved?
Definition
radius and ulna
Term
You are asked to perform radiographic examination on a young female patient. What question do you ask her?
Definition
When was your last menstrual period?
Term
Where is the CR directed for an upright KUB?
Definition
2 inches above iliac crest
Term
For the AP projection of the femur:
Definition
the foot is rotated internally
Term
For demonstration of the radial head, how would you position the part if the extremity was casted?
Definition
partial flexion
Term
Weight bearing projections of the knees are frequently performed to evaluate:
Definition
arthritis
Term
What type of fracture is demonstrated in several pieces?
Definition
comminuted
Term
Where is the subtalar joint located?
Definition
foot
Term
What is the rounded process on the proximal, lateral aspect of the femur called?
Definition
greater trochanter
Term
The "frog" lateral is a common name given to a position for which of the anatomical areas?
Definition
hip and pelvis
Term
The majority of the ribs articulate posteriorly with a thoracic vertebra at the:
Definition
transverse process (costotransverse)
Term
What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?
Definition
vertebral artery
Term
The term for movement away from the body's midline:
Definition
abduction
Term
What is the term for a large roughened process?
Definition
tuberosity
Term
What is another name for the first cervical vertebra?
Definition
Atlas
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