Term
| impact of American isolationism during WWI on trade |
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Definition
Neutral nations have a right to trade with both sides during a war
American trade mushroomed: both sides suddenly need a lot more goods |
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| Austria, Hungary, Germany, Russia |
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| France, Russia, and eventually Great Britain and America |
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| Ottoman Empire during WWI |
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the Turkish empire--headquartered in Turkey
Had joined the central powers, but then switched to allied
WWI is the building blocks for current troubles in the Middle East |
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| German submarines during WWI |
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Definition
Germans were the first to develop it as a modern weapon of war.
They were less armored than surface ships, but were able to hide under the water.
Used against British ships, which sometimes had American civilians, which pissed America off. |
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Term
| Wilson's "Strict Accountability" policy |
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Definition
warned the Germans and British that whoever violated our neutral rights and damaged our trade and commerce would be help accountable.
British and Germans proceeded with enforcing their naval blockades, as their anger was greater than their fear of Americans. |
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A German sub sank a British passenger ship, which was carrying 1200 people including 120 Americans
The Germans apologized to the US and paid reparations to the families of the deceased, but they did not back down from their submarine warfare. |
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Germany sank a smaller passenger ship, injuring Americans.
Germany promised to back down from its right to submarine warfare--this was called the Sussex Pledge.
Germany later revokes this pledge, which is one of the reasons Wilson enters the war. |
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Mexican ambassador instructed to form an alliance between Mexico and Germany against the US.
If Mexico agreed, Germany would give it the southwestern lands America had taken in the Mexican-American War.
The British intercepted it and turned it over to Wilson. It created much public support for entering the war, as Germany was not a threat to Americans before then. |
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Mexican revolutionary who invaded the US during the Mexican revolution against Spain.
He and 500 men killed Americans in Colombus, NM, trying to provoke America into fighting Mexico, which would get Mexicans wanting to join with Germany against the US.
Wilson sent the American army into Mexico to chase down Pancho Villa. |
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Term
| Why was the war described as "mechanized slaughter"? |
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Definition
| The first time machine guns, tanks, submarines, bombs from aircraft, mustard gas--all thanks to the industrial revolution--were used. |
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| Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) |
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Definition
Originated as a method of enforcing the draft laws.
Jay Edgar Hoover was its head. |
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| Sector of the government which took control of automobile companies to produce trucks and tanks that were needed for the war |
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Set crop prices in such a way that farmers would produce the foods needed during wartime
Headed by Herbert Hoover |
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Made it illegal to criticize the draft
Authorized the government to read citizens' mail
Eugene Debs, a past socialist party candidate, opposed the draft and the war and was sentenced to 10 years in jail, during which time he still ran for presidency. |
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Made it illegal to criticize the government.
By the end of the war 1500 people had been tried, convicted, and jailed. Only 10 were actually German spies. |
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| Committee on Public Information |
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Definition
George Creel in charge
A public relations campaign--propaganda.
Stirred up fear of Germans, inevitably stirring up fear of German-Americans |
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migration of African-Americans out of rural south into more industrious cities like New York and southside Chicago.
Continues through the 1960s. |
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Said during a speech giving a 14 point plan for reforming international relations.
- National Self-determination: the nations of the world should be free to determine their own futures and be self-governed (aimed at European imperialism)
- League of Nations to create agreements on international law
France and Britain did not want to compromise or play nice--they wanted revenge on Germany. |
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Definition
American forces were fighting Germans separately from the French and British.
26,000 Americans died, but it was a victory. |
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Ended WWI
US didn't approve it because the republican senators didn't approve it.
Since the US never ratified the treaty, they never joined the league of nations that Wilson himself thought up. This marks a return to isolationist tendencies. |
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