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| Who are the progressives? |
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Definition
They are not an organization; they do not form groups or political parties.
They are middle class Americans, many professionals like doctors, lawyers, and teachers.
The majority are women, as the movement began with women in Chicago.
Concerned about crime, alcohol, poverty, infant mortality, problems caused by big business, corrupt politics. |
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| any government that has a responsibility of policing and regulating big business |
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progressive journalists important in investigating and spreading the word about reform
Reported on the activities of political figures and businessmen. |
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Published "A History of Standard Oil" in which he investigated the Standard Oil Company, its history and emergence. He documented some illegal and unpleasant methods of Rockefeller.
Led to a lawsuit against the Standard Oil Company by Taft for violating the Sherman Antitrust act. Supreme Court ordered the breakup of the company, not because of the unpleasant methods but because it was a monopoly. |
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| Upton Sinclair and "The Jungle" |
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Definition
Published a fictional history of the life of working class immigrants in Chicago with the intent to generate sympathy for them. It became a bestseller because of its section detailing the disgusting, unsanitary working conditions of the meat packing plants.
Led Congress to investigate and to the Meat Inspection Act. |
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authorized congress to create income tax
a way of making the government fairer |
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| gives *men* the right to directly vote for US senators |
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| prohibition of the production, distribution, and consumption of alcohol |
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| Northern Securities Company |
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Definition
a railroad company owned by JP Morgan
It seemed that the company was multiple competing companies, but since it had so much stock, it was a monopoly.
Roosevelt accused the company of violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and it was ordered to be broken up.
Case was important because Roosevelt demonstrated that no one was above the law. |
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| I.C.C.: the Interstate Commerce Commission |
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Definition
Had been around since 1887 to regulate railroad companies but was ineffective because it had no teeth; it could only investigate complaints.
Roosevelt gives it more power with the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act |
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| gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to enforce |
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| gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to force companies to change their prices. |
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Set up by Roosevelt
Set up the Federal Drug Administration |
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Anthracite is the most important type of coal, found in Pennsylvania.
Workers were on strike for a 20% pay raise, 8-hr workday, and recognition of their union.
Companies were unwilling to negotiate, so Roosevelt intervened because the strike was affecting the railroads, mail system, and more. He forced them to negotiate a 10% pay increase and a 10-hr workday.
Important because past presidents sided with employers, calling in the national guard to break up the strike, and because the public usually sided with the employers. |
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| Roosevelt painted a naval fleet white and sent it on a trip around the world, trying to garner foreign naval support to use foreign ports and to demonstrate the global reach of american military power. |
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Increased the tariff and angered the Midwestern (more progressive and anti-big business) wing of republicans.
The tariff was a hot-button issue that should have been avoided; passing this act undermined Taft's popularity and split his party between the Midwestern and the more conservative, anti-regulation eastern wings of the republican party. |
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the western wing of the republican party that split after Taft passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff.
Roosevelt declared it during the election of 1912, the election between him, Taft, and Wilson. |
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Term
| How did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1812? |
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Definition
Wilson wasn't marred by corruption and scandal. Democrats needed someone like him after the Gilded Age.
Because they ran against each other on different wings of the republican party, Roosevelt and Taft split the republican votes. |
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| Importance of the election of 1812 |
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Definition
| Many of the progressive reformers who followed Roosevelt didn't come back to the republican party. This allowed for eastern conservatives to rule the republican party and for the democratic party to grow and remain in power. |
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Wilson lowered the tariff with this act--Democrats had been promising to do that since the Civil War.
It included the 16th amendment, the income tax, to offset the lower import tax. |
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| Roosevelt had made a useful anti-trust law, but the therms of the law were vague. This act broadened the anti-trust authority of the federal government |
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| Enforced the Clayton Anti-Trust Act |
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Established the current banking system--does things like help determine if you can afford a car, home, etc.
Switched to paper money.
A decentralized bank, meaning it had 12 privately owned federal reserve districts. |
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