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Final Exam Human Anatomy Exam 3
Biology 110 Human Anatomy Debbie Seale
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2011

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Term
Somatic Sensory
Definition
Impulses from touch, pain, pressure, vibration, and proprioception go through the:
Term
Fascicle
Definition
The perineurium surrounds the
Term
Tracts
Definition
Bundles of axons in the CNS are known as
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
The lobe in the anterior part of the cerebrum is called the:
Term
Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
Definition
The primary motor cortex is located in the:
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
The primary auditory cortex is located in the
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
Found typically in the left hemisphere in both the parietal and temporal lobes is:
Term
Habenular nuclei
Definition
One of the components of the epithalamus is the:
Term
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Definition
The infundibulum is found between the:
Term
Medial rectus muscle
Definition
The oculomotor cranial nerve controls
Term
Vagus Cranial Nerve
Definition
The throat, organs of the thoracic cavity, and organs of the abdominal cavity are innervated by the:
Term
Ear
Definition
The vestibulocochlear cranial nerve receives impulses from the:
Term
Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
Definition
The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain:
Term
Sensory Axons
Definition
The dorsal roots exiting the spinal cord contain:
Term
Phrenic Nerve
Definition
The peripheral nerve that innervates the diaphragm is the:
Term
Anterior thigh muscles
Definition
The femoral peripheral nerve directly innervates the:
Term
Proprioceptors
Definition
The receptors found in skeletal muscle, tendons, and joints are called:
Term
Tissue damage and pain
Definition
Nociceptors detect:
Term
Extends into the taste pore
Definition
Gustatory microvilli are found:
Term
Supporting cells
Definition
The olfactory receptor cells are enclosed in:
Term
Between the sclera and retina
Definition
The choroid is found:
Term
Ganglion cells
Definition
The cells whose axons form the optic nerve are:
Term
Conducts sound
Definition
Endolymph:
Term
Antidiuretic hormone
Definition
The following hormone that is NOT produced in the anterior pituitary is:
Term
Adrenal cortex
Definition
Adrenocorticotropin hormone targets the:
Term
Parathyroid hormone
Definition
The hormone that targets bone, kidney, and intestine is:
Term
luteinizing hormone
Definition
The hormone that targets testes and ovaries in males and females respectively is:
Term
Liver
Definition
Glucagon targets the:
Term
Presynaptic neuron - sends signal
Postsynaptic neuron - receives signal
Definition
What is the difference between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron?
Term
Gyrus - ridges on the surface of the cerebrum
Sulcus - groove on the surface of the cerebrum
Definition
What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?
Term
Gray matter - Dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, unmyelinated axons and glial cells
White matter - myelinated axons
Definition
What is the difference in composition between gray matter and white matter?
Term
Ascending tracts - contain sensory axons
Descending tracts - contain motor axons
Definition
What is the difference in composition between ascending tracts and descending tracts?
Term
Short term memory - limited capacity, brief duration
Long term memory - virtually unlimited capacity
Definition
What is the difference in capacity between long term memory and short term memory?
Term
Preganglionic neurons are short
Postganglionic neurons are long
Definition
What is the difference in length between preganglionic neruons and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division?
Term
Parasympathetic division exits the brainstem and sacral nerves of the spinal cord
Sympathetic exits spinal cord from the thoracic and lumbar nerves
Definition
What is the difference in exit location from the CNS between the parasympathetic division and sympathetic division?
Term
Phantom pain - sensation from an amputated body part
Referred pain - sensation from viscera is perceived as coming from skin
Definition
What is the difference between phantom pain and referred pain?
Term
Meissner's corpuscles - found in superficial dermis just below epidermis
Pacinian corpuscles - located in the deep dermis
Definition
What is the difference in location between the Meissners corpuscles and the Pacinian corpuscles?
Term
Steroid Hormones - cross the plasma membrane and enter the nucleus to stimulate DNA directly
Peptide hormones - combine with receptors embedded in the plasma membrane, causing changes inside the cell
Definition
What is the difference in communication between steroid hormones and peptide hormones?
Term
1. Mesencephalon
2. Pons
3. Medulla Oblongta
Definition
Name the three parts of the brainstem:
Term
Only innervated by sympathetic division, no synapse in a ganglion, only a preganglionic neuron that is long
Definition
Describe how the innervation of the adrenal medulla is different from other organs:
Term
Hair cells > cochlear nerves > vestibulocochlear cranial nerve > brainstem > thalamus > auditory cortex > temporal lobe
Definition
List the correct order of olfactory nerve pathways:
Term
In most people:
Left Hemisphere
(Categorical Hemisphere) - contains Wernicke's area and motor speech area, forms sequential and analytical reasoning
Right Hemisphere
(Representational Hemisphere) -
Visuospacial relationships and analysis, imagination, insight, musical and artistic skill, perception of patterns, comparison of the special senses.
Both are in constant communication through the corpus callosum.
Definition
ESSAY:
Explain how cerebral lateralization is organized in the brain, including the difference between the categorical hemisphere and the representational hemisphere, and the relationships and communication between them.
Term
Cardiac plexus - parasympathetic decreases heart rate and blood pressure & sympathetic increase heart rate and blood pressure

Pulmonary plexus - parasympathetic decreases bronchial diameter & sympathetic increases bronchial diamter

Esophageal plexus - parasympathetic coordinates swallowing reflex in lower esophagus

Abdominal aortic plexus - parasympathetic activates digestive and urinary organs & sympathetic deactivates digestive and urinary organs
Definition
ESSAY:
Describe how parasympathetic stimulation and sympathetic stimulation affect the organs of the following autonomic plexuses: cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, espohageal plexus, abdominal plexus
Term
Hypothalamus is the connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system. It controls most endocrine functions, causing production of anterior pituitary hormones, producing and storing posterior pituitary hormones and controls adrenal medulla
Definition
Explain the importance of the hypothalamus to the endocrine system:
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