the cattle kingdom.

resentment from the older Americans, over-crowding, inadequate sanitation, and extortion and abuse by criminal gangs.

 the proportion of farm families within the general population declined.

urban growth in the late nineteenth century

immigrants or children of immigrants

 only Congress could regulate interstate commerce.

its wording was ambiguous, the Supreme Court usually interpreted it in a manner that was favorable to big business, it was not enforced, and presidents were reluctant to initiate suits under it until after 1900.

“survival of the fittest.”

 reflect  their husbands’ wealth by spending it.

practical, conservative, cautious, and reasonable.

In the nineteenth century, courts held that employers of workers injured on the job were liable for a  

 worker’s  injury only if.......

the worker was totally without responsibility for the incident.

  sabotage, violent protests and absenteeism.

immigrants were willing to work for lower wages than native-born Americans were, immigrants were willing to do the jobs that American workers  shunned, and immigrants were more docile than American workers.

 their religions were not familiar to older Americans

open-range cattle, lack of trees, constant wind, and sparse rainfall.

improve their purchasing power, money pools to combat the power of banks over them, producers’ co-ops to counter the power of the railroads, and the Grange to improve their lives.

 promoted American anger toward Spain.

 it was short, the casualties were small, the United States suffered no significant setbacks, and it ended in the acquisition of an empire.

 great enthusiasm.

increasingly well-educated, optimistic about the future, growing in size and increasingly more materialistic.

 middle-class values and aspirations were dominant.

it was increasingly well educated, it helped to create a society dedicated to comfort and the enjoyment of leisure time, and  it included professionals, small businessmen, and white-collar workers.

 educational and cultural opportunities to people in small cities and towns.

John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and Robert F. Kennedy.

his Roman Catholic religion.

the belief that a woman’s place was at home and not in a job, the notion that women should be active, attractive, and sexy, the view that wives were partners in advancing their husbands’ careers, and the belief that women should not express opinions openly.

the extraordinary growth of the American economy in the 1940s.

a new phase of the Cold War, represented the first peacetime military alliance in American history, led to the organization of the Warsaw Pact, and was designed to protect Western European nations that were members.

an unprecedented capacity for destruction; incontrovertible recognition of the depths human cruelty could plumb;  and Cold War confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States.

the Battle of Midway,  6 months after Pearl Harbor.

advance slowly into Germany along a broad front.

Germany’s invasion of Poland.

shift in party allegiance by African Americans.

personal welfare by the federal government.