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Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Sexuality Now Chapter 5
82
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/10/2012

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Term
Vulva / Pudendum
Definition
The name for the collective female external sexual organs.
Term
Mons Veneris/Pubis
Definition
Fatty cushion resting over the front surface of the pubic bone.
Protective cushion during sex.
Term
Labia Majora
Definition
Two folds of fatty tissue that extend from the mons, framing the rest of the female genitalia and meets at the perineum.
Homogeneous to male scrotum.
Term
Labia Minora
Definition
Two smaller pink skin folds situated between the labia majora and the vestibule.
Term
Clitoris
Definition
An erectile organ f the female located under the prepuce.
In 1991 a group of female researchers identified 18 different parts of the Clitoris and its structures.
Term
Infibulation
Definition
The ritual removal of the clitoris, prepuce, and labia and sewing together the vestibule.
Practiced in Africa, but slowly being outlawed as cruel.
Term
Vestibule
Definition
The entire region between the labia minora, including the urethra and introits.
Term
Urethral Meatus
Definition
The opening of the urethra between the vagina and clitoris.
It is shorter than men's urethra causing more bacteria to get to urinary tract. Thus, women have more Urinary Tract Infections.
Term
Introtus
Definition
Entrance into vagina
Term
Hymen
Definition
A thin membrane at the vaginal opening.
An intact hymen is usually looked at as a sign of purity. However, the hymen can be torn during exercise, horseback or bike riding, masturbation, or inserting of tampon.
Term
Hymen (continued)
Definition
In older days, brides would often bring a small vial of blood into the bridal bed just in case she did not bleed from the broken hymen. It was he way of not being seen as "wanton" (promiscuous).
Term
Bartholin's Gland
Definition
A pair of glands on either side of the vaginal opening that open by a duct into the space between the hymen and the labia minora; also referred to as the greater vestibular glands.
Term
Perineum
Definition
Area between vagina and anus (gooch)
Term
Episiotomy
Definition
Surgical incision made in the perineum toward the end of labor to allow the baby to pass through.
Term
Vagina
Definition
Thin-walled uscular tube that leads from the uterus to the vestibule and is used for sexual intercourse and as a passageway for menstrual fluid, sperm, and a newborn baby.
Term
Grafenberg spot
Definition
A structure that is said to lie on the anterior wall of the vagina and is reputed to be a seat of sexual pleasure when stimulated. (G-spot)
Term
Uterus
Definition
The hollow muscular organ in females that is the site of menstruation, implantation of the fertilized ovum , and labor; also referred to as the womb
Term
Ovum
Definition
Female reproductive cell or gamete. Plural is Ova.
Term
Perimetrium
Definition
Outer wall of uterus.
Term
Myometrium
Definition
Smooth muscle middle layer of uterus.
Term
Endometrium
Definition
The mucous membrane lining of inner uterus.
Term
Cervix
Definition
Doughnut shaped bottom part of the uterus that protrudes into the top of the vagina
Term
O's
Definition
The opening of the cervix that allows passage between the vagina and the uterus
Term
Ovulation
Definition
The phase of the menstrual cycle in which an ovum is released.
Term
Fallopian tubes
Definition
two ducts that transport ova from the ovary to the uterus; also referred to as oviducts.
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
The funnel or trumpet shaped open end of Fallopian tubes
Term
Fimbriae
Definition
The branched, finger-like border at the end of each Fallopian tube.
Term
Oocyte
Definition
A cell from which an ovum develops.
Term
Nipple
Definition
A pigmented, wrinkled protuberance on the surface of the breast that contains ducts fro the release of milk
Term
Areola
Definition
The pigmented rind around the nipple of the breast.
Term
Lactation
Definition
The collective name for milk creation, secretion, and ejection from the nipple.
Term
Prolactin
Definition
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that initiates and maintains milk secretion.
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates contraction of both the uterus for delivery of the newborn and the mammary gland ducts for lactation.
Term
Female Puberty
Definition
Begins around age 8 but can be as late as 15. Lasts 3-5 years on average.
Over weight girls start earlier than under weight girls.
African American girls starts before Caucasian by over 1.5 years generally.
Term
Mittelschmerz
Definition
German for "middle pain". A pain in the abdomen or pelvis that some women feel at ovulation.
Term
Menarche
Definition
The start of menstrual cycling, usually during early puberty.
Term
Follicular phase
Definition
First phase of the menstrual cycle that begins after the last menstruation has been completed.
Term
Ovulation Phase
Definition
The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the ovum is released.
Term
Luteal Phase
Definition
Third phase of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, when the corpus luteam forms.
Term
Corpus Luteum
Definition
A yellowish endocrine gland in the ovary formed when a follicle has discharged its secondary Oocyte.
Term
Menstrual Phase
Definition
Final stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the endometrial cells shrink and slough off.
Term
Menses
Definition
The blood and tissue discharged from the uterus during menstruation.
Term
Anemia
Definition
A deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material of the blood, often causing symptoms of fatigue, irritability, dizziness, memory problems, shortness of breath, and headaches.
Term
Negative Feedback Loop
Definition
When one set of hormones controls the production of another set, which in turn controls the first, thus regulation the monthly cycle of hormones.
Term
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Definition
A hormone produced in the hypothalamus which triggers the onset of puberty and sexual development and is responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary.
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
The absence of menstruation.
Term
Primary Amenorrhea
Definition
The lifelong absence of menstruation.
Term
Menorrhagia
Definition
Excessive menstrual flow.
Term
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
Definition
Menstrual bleeding for long periods of time or intermittent bleeding thought a cycle.
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
Painful Menstruation.
Term
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Definition
A group of physiological and psychological symptoms related to the post ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle.
Term
Pre menstrual dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Definition
The most debilitating and severe cases of PMS
Term
Hot Flashes
Definition
A symptom of menopause in which a woman feels a sudden heat, often accompanied by a flush.
Term
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
A stress disorder that follows a traumatic event, causing flashbacks, heightened anxiety and sleeplessness.
Term
Menstrual Manipulation
Definition
The ability to plan and schedule the arrival of menstruation
Term
Menstrual suppression
Definition
The elimination of menstrual periods.
Term
Intrauterine devices
Definition
Devices that are inserted into the uterus for contraception. Progesterone IUDs often inhibit menstruation.
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
The growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
Term
Menopause
Definition
The cessation of menstrual cycle
Term
Climacteric
Definition
The combination of physiological and physiological changes that develop at the end of a woman's reproductive life; usually includes menopause.
Term
Perimnopause
Definition
Transition period in a woman's life, just before menopause.
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
An age-related disorder characterized by decrease bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures as a result of decreased levels of estrogen.
Term
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Definition
Medication containing one or more female hormones, often used to treat symptoms of menopause.
Term
Speculum
Definition
An instrument for dilation the vagina to examine the cervix and other internal structures.
Term
Papanicolaou smear (Pap)
Definition
A microscopic examination of cells scraped from the cervix. Named after its inventor.
Term
Laparoscope
Definition
A small instrument through which structures within the abdomen and pelvis can be viewed.
Term
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Definition
A bacteria caused illness that can lead to high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat and shock, loss of limbs, and death if left untreated.
Term
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Definition
An endocrine disorder in women that can affect the menstrual cycle, fertility, hormones, a woman's appearance, and long term health.
Term
Uterine fibroids
Definition
A (usually noncancerous) tumor of muscle and connective tissue that develops within, or is attached to, the uterine wall.
Term
cryotherapy
Definition
The application of extreme cold to destroy diseased tissue, including cancer cells.
Term
Vulvodynia
Definition
Chronic vulvar pain and soreness
Term
Douching
Definition
A method of vaginal rinsing or cleaning that involves squirting water or other solutions into the vagina.
Term
Mammography
Definition
A procedure for internal imaging of the breasts to evaluate breast disease or screen for breast cancer.
Term
Benign
Definition
A non malignant, mild case of a disease that is favorable for recovery
Term
Malignant
Definition
A cancerous growth that tends to spread into nearby normal tissue and travel to other parts of the body.
Term
Radical Mastectomy
Definition
A surgical procedure that involves removal of the breast, its surrounding tissue the muscles supporting the breast, and underarm lymph nodes.
Term
lumpectomy
Definition
A modern surgical procedure for breast cancer in which only the tumors lump and a small amount of surrounding tissue and are removed.
Term
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Definition
A change in the cells of the surface of the cervix that may signal early beginnings of the cervical cancer sometimes referred to as cervical dysplasia.
Term
Hysterectomy
Definition
The surgical removal of the uterus.
Term
Dilation and curettage (D&C)
Definition
The surgical scraping of the uterine wall with a spoon shaped instrument.
Term
Ovarian cysts
Definition
Small fluid filled sacs, which can form on the ovary, that do not pose a health threat under most conditions.
Term
False negatives
Definition
Incorrect result of a medical test that wrongly shows the lack of a finding, condition or disease.
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