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Female Repro Histology
Exam 8
102
Anatomy
Graduate
10/23/2010

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Cards

Term
In the ovary, a peripheral ________ surrounds the _________.
Definition
cortex; medulla
Term
The cortex contains the ovarian ________, which contain the _________.
Definition
follicles; oocytes
Term
The oocytes are contained within the ______ ______.
Definition
ovarian follicles
Term
The ovary is covered by the _________ ________.
Definition

germinal epithelium (AKA ovarian surface epithelium)

 

(even though this is called germinal, this name does not indicate that it is germinal)

FYI: this epithelium of the ovary is highly prone to cancer

Term
The dense connective tissue layer that lays beneath the germinal epithelium is called the _________ _________.
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
The _____ of the ovary contains blood vessels and connective tissue.
Definition
medulla
Term
There are four types of follicles in the ovary, these are:
Definition

 

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle (unilaminar, multilaminar)
Secondary follicle (vesicular)
Graafian follicle (mature)
Term
The ________ follicle is quinescent (inactive/at rest) and there are about 400,00 of them in each ovary.
Definition
primordial
Term
The _________ follicle can become atretic and degenerate.
Definition

primordial

 

 

(FYI: atresia refers to the degeneration and subsequent resorption of one or more immature ovarian follicle)

Term
The ________ within a primordial follicle has a large nucleus with a prominent ________.
Definition
oocyte; nucleolus
Term
A single layer of squamous follicular (granulosa) cells surround each _______ follicle.
Definition
primordial
Term
The _______ follicles are the most immature follicles in the ovary.
Definition
primordial
Term
The primordial follicle is under _____ stimulation.
Definition
FSH
Term
As the primary follicle ______ , the oocyte, follicular layer, and connective tissue undergo change.  The oocyte englarges and a single layer of follicle cells become cuboidal to form _________ ________ follicle.
Definition
matures; unilaminar primary
Term
_______ causes the follicular layer of the unilaminar primary follicle to become stratified producing a ________ ________ follicle.
Definition
Mitosis; multilaminar primordial
Term
A zona _________ forms around the oocyte in the primary follicle.
Definition
pellucida
Term
_________ receptors are part of the zona pellucida in the primary follicle.
Definition
Sperm
Term
Highly vascularized ________ _______ forms in the primary follicle.
Definition
theca folliculi
Term
The theca __________ develops endocrine functions, whereas the theca ________ is connective tissue.
Definition
interna; externa
Term
The theca interna produces __________ which is a precursor to estrogen.
Definition
androstenedione
Term
With continued follicle cell proliferation, the entire follicle _________.
Definition
Enlarges
Term
In the ________ follicle, irregular spaces with fluid begin to be formed. These spaces increase in size, become confluent and form an ________.
Definition
secondary (vesicular); antrum
Term
In the irregular spaces of the secondary follicle, the fluid is called ________ __________ which is rich in hyaluronic acid.
Definition
liquor folliculi
Term
In the secondary follicle,the _________ reaches full size, but the follicle continues to grow.
Definition
oocyte
Term
10-14 days are needed for the primordial follicle to reach the _________ follicle stage.
Definition
Graafian
Term
In the Graafian follicle, initially the oocyte remains attached to the follicle wall via the _________ ________ and then the ________ bulges from the ovarian surface.
Definition
cumulus oophorus; follicle
Term
In the Graafian follicle (mature), the ______ _______ reaches its maximum development which are ________ producing and secreting cells.
Definition
theca interna; steroid
Term
In the Graafian follicle, the _________ ________ forms around the ovum.
Definition
corona radiata
Term
The ________ follicle is the pre-ovulatory follicle.
Definition
Graafian
Term
During ovulation, the _______ is surrounded by the corona radiata floats free in the follicle fluid.
Definition
oocyte
Term
During ovulation, _______ _______ reaches its peak and is the trigger for ovulation to occur.
Definition
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Term
__________ takes place in the middle of the menstrual cycle and occurs every 28+ or - 7 days.
Definition
Ovulation
Term
During ovulation, one oocyte is released, but the other developing follicles undergo _________.
Definition
atresia
Term
The corpus luteum forms under _____ stimulation.
Definition
LH (Luteinizing hormone)
Term
The corpus luteum consists of the remaining _________ ______ and cells of the theca interna, these cells are called granulosa lutein cells and theca ______ cells.
Definition
granulosa cells; lutein
Term
During the formation of the corpus luteum, the _______ collapses and becomes folded.
Definition
follicle
Term
During corpus luteum formation, luteal cells begin to synthesize and secrete ________ which helps to prevent new ovarian follicle development.
Definition
progesterone
Term
The _______ ________ is the degenerating corpus luteum from the previous cycle.
Definition
corpus albicans
Term
The remains of the _______ _______ may persist as a scar on the surface of the ovary.
Definition
corpus albicans
Term
The _______ receives the ovulated ovum and provides nourishment for the free-floating ovum prior to its fertilization.
Definition
oviduct
Term
Fertilization occurs in the _______ of the oviduct.
Definition
ampulla
Term
The _______ transports the developing blastocyst to the uterus.
Definition
oviduct
Term
The _______ are finger-like processes that extend from the uterine tube.
Definition
fimbriae
Term
Regions of the uterine tube are the fimbriae, __________, ampulla, _______, and intramural part
Definition
infundibulum; isthmus
Term
The ______ of the oviduct consists of a mucosa, muscularis, and external serosa.
Definition
wall
Term
The muscularis of the uterine tube consists of two layers of _______ _______ oriented as inner circular and outer longitudinal
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
The _______ of the uterine tube is highly folded, but there is decreased folding in the ishmus.
Definition
ampulla
Term
There are ciliated and non-ciliated _______ ________ cells present in the mucosa of the uterine tube.
Definition
columnar epithelium
Term
The ciliated cells of the mucosa of the uterine tubes are more numerous in the _________ and more non-ciliated secretory cells are in the _________.
Definition
ampulla; isthmus
Term
The _______ receives the developing blastocyst and nourishes this structure prior to its attachment.
Definition
uterus
Term
The ________ is divided into the fundus, body, and cervix.
Definition
uterus
Term
The _________ of the uterus consists of a serosa or adventitia depending on peritoneal reflections.
Definition
perimetrium
Term
The __________ of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and large blood vessels.
Definition
myometrium
Term
The _______ of the uterus is the glandular, secretory lining of the uterus.
Definition
endometrium
Term
The endometrium consists of a surface epithelial layer and _______ _______.
Definition
connective tissue
Term
The surface epithelium of the endometrium is _______ ________ ________ cells with a few scattered ciliated cells.
Definition
simple columnar secretory
Term
The surface epithelium of the endometrium invaginates to form ______ ______.
Definition
uterine glands
Term
In the endometrium, the uterine glands are ______ _______ glands with bifurcations.
Definition
simple tubular
Term
The secretion of the endometrium is often called ________ ________.
Definition
uterine milk
Term
The endometrial connective tissue stroma resembles __________.
Definition
mesenchyme
Term
The endometrium can be further divided into the stratum _______ and the stratum ________.
Definition
functionalis; basalis
Term
The ________ ______ of the endometrium is lost during menstruation and repairs and is the superficial 4/5 of the endometrium.
Definition
stratum functionalis
Term
The ________ _______ of the endometrium remains during menstruation and represents the deep 1/5 of the endometrium.
Definition
stratum basalis
Term
Estrogen and _____ from the ovary cause the endometrium to undergo cyclic, structural changes
Definition
progesterone
Term
The menstrual cycle beings at puberty (12-15 yrs old) and continues to menopause and consists of 3 phases, the ________, ________, and _________.
Definition
proliferative; secretory; menstrual
Term
The _________ ________ is preceded by the menstrual phase and occurs between days ______ of the cycle.
Definition
proliferative phase; 5-14
Term
The _________ _______ takes place during ovarian follicle development.
Definition
proliferative phase
Term
The _______ ______ remains after menstruation and proliferates.
Definition
stratus basalis
Term
During the proliferative phase, the cells of the _______ _______ proliferate, migrate to the surface and reform the epithelial lining of the endometrium.
Definition
uterine glands
Term
The ________ _______ are straight and narrow during the proliferative phase.
Definition
uterine glands
Term
The _____ ______ begins at ovulation and is dominated by progesterone from the corpus luteum.
Definition
secretory phase
Term
The secretory phase lasts from day ____ to day ____ of the menstrual cycle.
Definition
15;28
Term
In the secretory phase, the _______ ______ become tortuous, dilated, and secrete.
Definition
uterine glands
Term
During the ________ phase, the endometrium reaches its maximum thickness.
Definition
secretory
Term
During the secretory phase, _______ stimulates glands to secrete.
Definition
progesterone
Term
When the uterine glads become tortuous, this signals that menstrual cycle is in the ________ phase.
Definition
secretory
Term
The beginning of the menstrual bleeding signals the beginning of the _______ ______ which lasts from 1-4 days.
Definition
menstrual cycle
Term
During the menstrual phase, the walls of the ________ _________ contrace thus causing ischemia and necrosis of the _______.
Definition
coiled arteries; endometrium
Term
The ________ phase occurs when implantation fails and steroid levels being to fall.
Definition
menstrual
Term
During the menstrual phase, __________ of the endometrium and rupture of blood vessels occurs.
Definition
desquamation
Term
At the end of the menstrual phase, only the _________ ________ remains.
Definition
stratum basalis
Term
The _______ is a narrow segment of the uterus and major area of cancer.
Definition
cervix
Term
In the cervix, the wall is not primarily smooth muscle and the epithelium is ________ _______ epithelium.
Definition
simple columnar
Term
In the cervix, there are numerous ________ _______ consisting of mucous secreting columnar cells.
Definition
branched glands
Term
The ________ consists of a mucosa, muscle layer, and adventitia
Definition
vagina
Term
The muscosa of the vagina consists of ________ ________ epithelium with an underlying lamina propria.
Definition
stratified squamous
Term
In the vagina, no vaginal glands are present and the cells contain ________.
(You know you looking at the vagina b/c you cannot see any glands in this region)
Definition
glycogen
Term
The _________ _________ of the vagina consists of smooth muscle oriented in interlacing bundles.
Definition
muscle layer
Term
The _________ of the vagina is dense connective tissue. The adventitia and lamina propria are rich in _______ ______. The adventitia is very thick in the vagina.
Definition
adventitia; elastic fibers
Term
The mammary gland is composed of modified ______ ________ _______ that produce an exocrine secretion.
Definition
apocrine sweat glands
Term
The mammary glands are composed of ____________ glands with irregular lobes.
Definition
tubuloaveolar
Term
Each ________ of the mammary gland is separated by connective tissue and adipose tissue.
Definition
lobe
Term
Each lobe of the mammary gland has a ________ _____ that emerges in the mammary papilla.
Definition
lactiferous duct
Term
In the lactating mammary gland, the _______ release stimulates _________ cells to promote milk let-down.
Definition
oxytocin; myoepithelial
Term
In the lactating mammary gland, ______ _____ in connective tissue secrete IgA into milk and provide passive immunity.
Definition
plasma cells (can recognize these from their spoke-wheel appearance which is characteristic of plasma cells)
Term
Lactating mammary glands produce _____ rich in fat, proteins, and sugars.
Definition
milk
Term
________ of the lactating mammary glands become dilated with milk and have a low cuboidal epithelium.
Definition
aveoli
Term
Estrogen and progesterone cause the growth of the ______ ______ of the mammary glands during puberty.
Definition
duct system
Term
In _________ mammary glands, the intralobular connective tissue is dense and abundant and contains varying amounts of adipose tissue.
Definition
inactive
Term
The ________ _______ lined by epithelial cells are present in inactive mammary glands
Definition
ductal elements
Term
In the inactive mammary gland, _______ are small and not numerous.
Definition
aveoli
Term
In an active mammary gland, there a lot more _______ and _______ than there are in an inactive mammary gland.
Definition
aveoli; glands
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