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features of the digestive system
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70
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2012

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Term
lesser curvature of the stomach
Definition
extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach.
Term
greater curvature of the stomach
Definition
long curvature on lateral surface of stomach
Term
cardia
Definition
region of stomach near the junction between the esophagus and stomach
Term
fundus
Definition
region of the stomach superior to the cardia
Term
pylorus
Definition
region of the stomach near the junction between the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine
Term
body of the stomach
Definition
the large central region of the stomach, region where ingested foods mix with gastric secretions
Term
cardiac orifice
Definition
opening to the stomach through which esophageal contents enter the stomach
Term
pyloric orifice
Definition
opening through which stomach contents leave the stomach and enter the duodenum of the small intestine
Term
pyloric sphincter
Definition
circular muscle that controls the movement through the pyloric orifice
Term
rugae
Definition
folds on the inner surface of the stomach, allow for volume expansion needed for large meals
Term
greater omentum
Definition
hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach
Term
lesser omentum
Definition
mesenteric connection between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
Term
duodenum
Definition
shortest and widest section of the Small intestine, encloses the pancreas, most of the ____ is fixed din position and not movable
Term
jejunum
Definition
the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here, supported by the mesentery proper
Term
illeum
Definition
longest segment of the small intestine, supported by the mesentery proper
Term
cecum
Definition
pouch-like structure that receives material from the small intestine, appendix is loc. on the posteromedial surface of the cecum
Term
ascending colon
Definition
extends from the cecum to the inferior surface of the liver
Term
transverse colon
Definition
portion of the large intestine crosses the abdomen from right to left
Term
descending colon
Definition
runs inferiorly along the left side of the abdomen, extends from the left colic flexure to the sigmoid colon
Term
sigmoid colon
Definition
an S-shaped segment at the posterior portion of the colon
Term
falciform ligament
Definition
marks the boundary between the left and right lobes of the liver, attaches the liver to abdominal wall and diaphragm
Term
quadrate lobe
Definition
region of the liver between the left lobe and the gall bladder
Term
porta hepatis
Definition
region where blood vessels converge before entering the liver
Term
hepatic portal vein
Definition
carries nutrients and blood from the intestinal tract for processing by the liver
Term
common hepatic duct
Definition
bile duct that leaves the liver, formed from the merger of the left hepatic duct and the right hepatic duct
Term
papillae
Definition
small projections on the surface of the tongue, increase friction that helps in movement and manipulation of food
Term
lingual frenulum
Definition
connects the body of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity, prevents extreme movements of the tongue
Term
incisors
Definition
front teeth, biting and tearing
Term
cuspids (canines)
Definition
vampire teeth, biting and tearing
Term
bicuspids (premolar)
Definition
grinding, molar have more points
Term
molars
Definition
grinding, back teeth
Term
nasopharynx
Definition
assoc. with respiratory system, not considered part of the digestive sys, most superior part of the pharynx, separated from the oral cavity by the soft palate, connected to the nasal cavity by the internal nares, contains the openings of the auditory tubes, contains the pharyngeal tonsil, pseudo stratified ciliated columnar e.
Term
oropharynx
Definition
middle region of the pharynx, extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the hyoid bone, lining is stratified squamous epithelium
Term
laryngopharynx
Definition
most inferior region of the pharynx, extends from the hyoid bone to the entrance to the esophagus, lining is stratified sq. epithelium
Term
upper esophageal sphincter
Definition
muscular region at the junction between the pharynx and the esophagus
Term
lower esophageal sphincter
Definition
muscular region at the junction between the esophagus and cardia of the stomach
Term
mesentary proper
Definition
attaches the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the abdominal wall, also prevents the small intestine from tying itself in a knot
Term
mesocolon
Definition
attaches the large intestine to the abdominal wall, consists of two sections, the tranverse __ and sigmoid __
Term
fusion fascia
Definition
attaches the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum tightly to the dorsal abdominal wall
Term
ileocecal valve
Definition
controls movement of substances from the small intestine into the large intestine
Term
fungiform papillae
Definition
mushroom-like projections on the surface of the tongue
Term
fillaform papillae
Definition
thread-like projections on the surface of the tongue
Term
foliate papillae
Definition
fold projections on the surface of the tongue
Term
head of pancreas
Definition
the region of the pancreas nearest the pyloric region of the stomach
Term
plica circulares
Definition
ridges on the inner lining of the small intestine that greatly increase the amount of surface area for nutrient absorption, they are covered with intestinal villi
Term
duodenal ampulla
Definition
area where bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine
Term
duodenojeunal flexure
Definition
marks the boundary between the duodenum and the jejunum
Term
ileocecal valve
Definition
controls movement of substances from the small intestine into the large intestine
Term
mesentary proper
Definition
attaches the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the abdominal wall, also prevents the small intestine from tying itself in a knot
Term
haustra
Definition
pouches in the large intestine that permit distention and elongation during processing of intestinal materials
Term
taeniae coli
Definition
longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscles found on the surface of the large intestine, there are three separate bands
Term
omental appendices
Definition
teardrop shaped sacs of fat on the surface of the large intestine
Term
right colic flexure
Definition
point where the colon makes a 90 degree turn to the left, this occurs near the liver
Term
fusion fascia
Definition
mesentary that attaches the ascending colon to the abdominal wall
Term
gastrocolic ligament
Definition
attaches the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach
Term
left colic flexure
Definition
point where the colon makes a 90 degree turn inferiorly (or at least approximately a 90 degree turn) this occurs near the spleen
Term
transverse mesocolon
Definition
mesentery that attaches the transverse colon to the abdominal wall
Term
sigmoid flexure
Definition
an S-shaped turn that marks the beginning of the sigmoid colon
Term
sigmoid mesocolon
Definition
anchors the sigmoid colon the wall of the abdomen
Term
anal canal
Definition
distal portion of the rectum, contains longitudinal folds called anal columns
Term
external anal sphincter
Definition
ring of skeletal muscle (under voluntary control) that controls passage for fecal material out through the anus
Term
quadrate lobe
Definition
region of the liver between the left lobe and the gall bladder
Term
caudate lobe
Definition
region of the liver found between the left lobe and the inferior vena cava and superior to the quadrate lobe
Term
porta hepatis
Definition
region where blood vessels converge before entering the liver
Term
common hepatic duct
Definition
bile duct that leaves the liver, formed from the merger of the left hepatic duct and the right hepatic duct
Term
cystic duct
Definition
duct that leaves the gall bladder
Term
common bile duct
Definition
formed from the convergence of the cystic duct of the gall bladder and the common hepatic duct from the liver, opens into the duodenum at the duodenal ampulla
Term
parotid salivary glands
Definition
located just inferior to the zygomatic arch, ducts empty into the vestibule near the second upper molar
Term
sublingual salivary glands
Definition
located in the floor of the oral cavity (under the tongue) ducts open along either side of the lingual frenulum
Term
submandibular salivary glands
Definition
located on the medial surface of the mandible, ducts open along either side of the lingual frenulum immediately posterior to the teeth
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