Term
| What are the four primary locations within the body where fat is stored as energy reserves? |
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Definition
| Adipose Tissue,IMTG'S,Plasma Triglycerides, and Plasma FFA. |
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Term
| The three elements fat is composed of are? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Three Fatty acid chains connected by ester bonds to a glycerol back bone |
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Term
| What are the three ways Fatty acids can differ from each other? |
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Definition
| # of carbon-carbon double bonds, placement of the bonds, length of the chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain with no double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain with double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain with one carbon to carbon double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain with two or more double bonds. |
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Term
| Carboxyl and Methyl group have which ends? |
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Definition
Carboxyl= alpha(left)
Methyl= Omega(right) |
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Term
Linolenic
omega 3 or omega 6? |
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Definition
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Term
Linoleic
omega 3 or omega 6? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most naturally occuring fats, appears bent due to hydrogens repelling against eachother |
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Term
| How long are the Short, Medium, and Long Fatty Acid Chain Lengths? |
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Definition
Short 4-6
Med 7-15
Long 16-24 |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of Triglycerides into glycerol and three fatty acids. |
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Term
| There's more fatty acids available for oxidation in adipocytes or IMTG's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormones are responsible for regulating lipolysis? |
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Definition
| Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and insulin |
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Term
| Name the four steps to Lipolysis |
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Definition
1)Beta Adrenergic receptors activate adenylate cyclase, converts ATP to cAMP
2)cAMP activates protein kinase (PKA), which then phoshorylates hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
3)HSL removes two of the three fatty acids from the triacylglycerols
4)Monoaylglycerol (MAG) lipase removes the final fatty acid from the glycerol backbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forming of a new triacylglycerol in the adipose tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| A Four step process that transforms a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria. Each cycle also makes one NADH, FADH2. |
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Term
| In resting conditions, the amount of fatty acids released from adipose tissue typically __ the amount oxidized in the skeletal muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the first 15 minutes of aerobic exercise, plasma fatty acid concentration usually __ because the rate of fatty acid uptake by the skeletal muscle exceeds the rate of fatty acid appearance in plasma from lipolysis.(increase or decrease) |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma fatty acids begin to __ as the lipolytic rate begins to exceed the oxidation of fatty acids in the skeletal muscle. (increase or decrease) |
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Definition
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Term
| Total fat utilization increases until exercise intensity reaches approx ___% VO2 Max |
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Definition
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Term
| During exercise at 25% VO2 max, most fat oxidized is derived from ____ and small amounts from IMTG's. |
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Definition
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Term
| During exercise intensity at 65% VO2 max, however, the contribution of fatty acids ___ whereas the contribution of IMTG's ___ and provide from one-third to about half of the fatty acids used for total fat oxidation.(increase or decrease) |
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Definition
| Plasma fatty acids Decrease, IMTG's Increase |
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Term
| Slow twitch muscle fibers have more or less IMTG's then fast twitch fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| The longer you exercise, does insulin and blood glucose increase or decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endurance Training increases ___ |
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Definition
| Density of mitochondria( increases the capacity for fat oxidation), number of capillaries within skeletal muscle(enhances fatty acid delivery), carnitine transferease (facilitates fatty acid transport across the mitochondrial membrane) |
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Term
| In general population, the acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range is __ to __% of energy intake. |
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Definition
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Term
Athletes should consume a habitual diet of:
__% saturated
__% polyunsaturated
__% monounsaturated |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Utilizing less carbohydrates and more fat for ATP resythesis |
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Term
| If you fast does your free fatty acids increase or decrease? |
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Definition
| Increase. But Fasting does not improve endurance performance |
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Term
| Ingesting a high fat meal prior to endurance exercise serves to __ fat oxidation( and __ carbohydrate oxidation) during the subsequent endurance exercise bout. |
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Definition
| Increase fat oxidation and suppress carbohydrate oxdation |
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Term
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Definition
| A protocol used to increase fat oxidation at rest and during endurance exercises. But has no effect on endurance performance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Does a high fat diet increase or decrease IMTG stores? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does fat loading increase or decrease anaerobic performance? |
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Definition
Decrease.
7% reduction in peak power on a wing gate test. And 50% reduction in a high intensity cycling test. |
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Term
| Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) |
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Definition
| Fatty Acids that can't be synthesized in the body and must be supplemented in the diet. EFA's don't improve exercise performance |
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Term
| What are the two EFA's for humans? |
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Definition
| a-linolenic acid(omega 3) and linoleic acid(omega 6) |
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Term
| What are the two fish oils contained in a-linolenic acid? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) |
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Definition
| Family of roughly 30 isomers of the omega 6 linoleic acid family. |
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Term
| What are two common isomers of CLA? |
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Definition
| TRANS-10, CIS-12 CLA and CIS-9, TRANS-11 CLA. CLA is rich in beef, lamb and dairy products. |
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Term
| Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT's) |
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Definition
| Triglycerides that contain 2 to 3 fatty acids which are 6-12 carbons in length. MCT'S are found in both coconut oil and palm oil. They are metabolized like carbohydrates. |
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Term
| Insulin has an inhibitory effect on lipolysis that is attributed to its stimulation of cellular phosphodiesterase-3, what does phosphodiesterase-3 do? |
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Definition
| Degrades cAMP to AMP and reduces the signaling cascade responsible for activating HSL. Insulin prevents lipolysis from happening |
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