Term
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Definition
| adminstering orally; pertaining to food |
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Term
| Define Accessory organs/glands |
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Definition
| glandular tissue organized as glands or organs |
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Term
| What three structures make up the assessor organs of the alimentary tract? |
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Definition
1) Salivary glands
2) Pancreas
3) Liver |
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Term
| Name the three salivary glands. |
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Definition
1) Parotid
2) Sublingual
3) Submandibular |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, connective tissue that lines the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, connective tissue that lines the abdominal viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| manner of directing food into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| The first set of teeth that are then lost and replaced with permanent teeth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| region of the stomach that empties into the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the intestine telescoping into an adjacent part of the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Titanic (stiff, rigid) spasm in which the head is drawn back and arched |
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Term
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Definition
| disease causing microorganism that are smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses, usually found in the intstines of ticks and rats |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease that causes diarrhea, stomach cramps and abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Ineffective, painful straining to evacuate the rectum or urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of strength, no muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisting on the long axis of an organ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Five common causes of equine colic |
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Definition
1) windsucking
2) eating spoiled grain
3) impaction
4) intussusceptions
5) twisted intestines |
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Term
| Five signs of peritonitis |
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Definition
1) Elevated temperature
2) Groaning
3) Marked depression
4) Contracted abdominal muscles
5) Reluctance to lie down |
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Term
| Number of teeth in a mature sheep |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of teeth in a mare |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Number of teeth in cattle |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of teeth in a stallion |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the distinct openings of the pharynx? |
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Definition
1) Mouth
2) R/L nasal cavity
3) R/L eustation tube
4) Pharnyx
5) Esophagus |
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Term
| When do the first permanent teeth appear in the equine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two common causes of acidosis in horses? |
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Definition
1) Severe diarrhea
2) Worked hard for a long period of time |
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Term
| How does the rumen change after altered feed patterns or starvation? |
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Definition
1) grain overload (for example)
2) lactic acid build-up which is toxic
3) rumen atony
4) useful microbiota die off
5) strep bovis population increases producing more lactic acid |
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Term
| What are the four main functions of saliva? |
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Definition
1) Lubricate the preliminary digestive tract
2) to ease the passage of food
3) soften food and mechanically assist in its reduction to a less solid and more soluble form
4) Convert the starches of the food into sugar-except in cows |
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Term
| What does "chewing the cud" mean? |
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Definition
| Soft palate permits food from the paunch to be regurgitated into the mouth for final mastication |
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Term
| How many stomach compartments does a llama have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the esophagus of a horse differ from other domesticated animals? |
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Definition
| Only the upper half consists of voluntary muscle fibers, with the lower half of the esophagus consisting of involuntary muscle fibers |
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Term
| What are the three divisions of the small intestine? |
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Definition
1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum |
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Term
| What are the four divisions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
1) Caecum
2) Large colon
3) Small colon
4) Rectum |
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Term
| What are the four compartments of the ruminant stomach? (proper name and common name) |
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Definition
1) Rumen (paunch)
2) Reticulum (honeycomb)
3) Omasum (manyplies)
4) Abomasums (true stomach) |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive disorder that results from excessive gas build-up; not contagious |
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Term
| T/F--Horses are resistant to hoof and mouth disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vesicular exanthema is primarily a disease of what animal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria causes hemorrhagic septicemia, hemorrhagic enterotoxemia, and overeating disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria causes mycotic diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria causes woody tongue? |
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Definition
| Actinobacillus ligniersii |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical injury to reticulm |
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Term
| What causes protozoal diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria causes actinomycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria causes calf diptheria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the capacity of the rumen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the capacity of the non-ruminant stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are eight clinical signs of lactic acidosis in cattle? |
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Definition
1) Kicking at the belly
2) Depression
3) Hanging of the head
4) Disinclination to move
5) Increased respiration and pulse rate
6) Anorexia
7) Dry nose
8) Diarrhea |
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Term
| What two animals rarely vomit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What animal vomits easily? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three microorganisms present in the rumen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three causes of rumen atony? |
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Definition
1) Grain overload
2) Milk fever
3) Endotoxemia from mastitis or metritis |
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Term
| What is the main function of the reticulum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the omasum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pH of the abomasum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are six causes of loss of appetite? |
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Definition
1) Disease
2) Overfeeding
3) Excitement
4) Changes in feed
5) Contaminated feed
6) Desire to mate |
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Term
| What can cause an inability to chew or swallow? |
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Definition
1) Damaged teeth
2) Foreign objects lodged in the mouth
3) Vesicle-producing diseases
4) Tetanus
5) Wooden tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating/craving for materials that are not food, i.e. bones, sticks, dirt, bedding |
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Term
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Definition
1) Disease
2) Poisons
3) Damage to stomach wall |
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Term
| Four causes of excessive salivation |
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Definition
1) Choke
2) Stomatitis
3) Abscessed teeth
4) Foreign objects lodged in the mouth |
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Term
| Describe foot and mouth disease. |
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Definition
Zoonotic
Acute highly contagious disease of cattle, swine, sheep, goats
Transmitted by contact with the infected animal and contaminated materials |
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Term
| Six symptoms of foot and mouth disease. |
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Definition
1) Blisters filled with straw-colored fluid on mucous membranes, between toes, udder
2) Fever
3) Weight loss
4) Depression
5) Lameness
6) Reduced milk flow |
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Term
| Describe vesicular stomatitis. |
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Definition
Zoonotic
Horses, cattle, swine, humans
Also called thrush or pseudo-foot and mouth disease
Transmission by direct contact |
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Term
| Six signs of vesicular stomatitis. |
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Definition
1) Excessive salivation
2) Fever
3) Refusal to eat
4) Discomfort
5) Red blotches on mucous membrans
6) Lameness in swine |
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Term
| Describe vesicular exanthema. |
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Definition
Acute, highly infectious disease of swine
Transmitted by direct contact with infected animal or materials, or raw garbage containing the viruses |
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Term
| What are two signs of vesicular exanthema? |
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Definition
1) Vesicles on the snout, lips, or mucous membranes of the mouth
2) Lameness |
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Term
| Describe contagious ecthyma. |
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Definition
Zoonotic
Also called soremouth
Highly contagious disease affecting the lips of lambs and kids
Mostly during summer and fall
Caused by a filterable virus that is hard to destroy
Virus remains pathogenic in the dried scabs over the winter |
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Term
| What are two signs of contagious ecthyma? |
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Definition
1) Lesions at corner of mouth and on lips
2) Effects growth rate of affected animals |
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Term
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Definition
Infectious, non-contagious viremia most common in sheep
Transmitted mechanically by infected blood usually by gnats |
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Term
| What are nine symptoms of bluetongue? |
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Definition
1) Fever
2) Appetite loss
3) Depression
4) Nasal discharge
5) Salivation
6) Hyperemic mucous membranes in mouth
7) Swollen lips
8) Stiffness
9) Lameness |
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Term
| Describe ulcerative dermatosis. |
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Definition
Infectious, viral disease of sheep
Caused by a filterative virus
Transmission by copulation and abrasions in skin |
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Term
| Four signs of ulcerative dermatosis. |
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Definition
1) Ulcerations on lips, legs, or genitals
2) Odorless creamy pus
3) Lameness
4) Difficulty eating |
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Term
| What are three other names of oral necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
1) Calf diptheria
2) Necrotic stomatitis
3) Necrotic laryngitis |
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Term
| Six symptoms of oral necrobacillus. |
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Definition
1) Depression
2) Salivation
3) Anorexia
4) Dyspnea
5) Coughing
6) Fever |
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Term
| What is the other name for actinomycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unknown tranmission, possibly through cuts in the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
1) Bony enlargements of the skull
2) Inflammation of teeth, tongue
3) Abcesses in the mammary system of the sow |
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Term
| What two organisms cause poll evil and fistulous withers? |
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Definition
1) Actinomyces bovis
2) Brucellosis |
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Term
| Describe actinobacillosis |
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Definition
Wooden tongue
Chronic infectious non-contagious disease that affects soft tissue and lymph nodes of cattle
Transmission: found in soil and manure; spread by contact with cuts and abrasions of the mucous membranes |
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Term
| What are three signs of wooden tongue? |
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Definition
1) Salivation
2) Unable to chew and feed
3) Swollen, hard tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by rapid ingestation and incomplete chewing of food caused by bad teeth, greedy eaters, dehydration, problems in the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
1) Bloat
2) Salivation
3) Frequent chewing
4) Anxiety
5) Extended heads
6) Frequent cough
7) Agitation
8) Depression |
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Term
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Definition
1) Distention of paunch
2) Anorexia
3) Move uneasily
4) Slobbering
5) Grunting
6) Labored breathing
7) Difficulty standing |
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Term
| Describe traumatic reticulitis. |
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Definition
Hardware disease
caused by ingestion of sharp metal objects that puncture the reticulum |
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Term
| Nine signs of hardware disease. |
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Definition
1) Anorexia
2) Reduced milk flow
3) Lagging
4) Objecting to move
5) Arched back
6) Distressed appearance
7) Tenesmus
8) Fever
9) Grunting from pain |
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Term
| Describe impaction of omasum |
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Definition
Usually diagnosed at autopsy
Caused by tough fibrous feed |
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Term
| Five signs of impaction of omasum |
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Definition
1) Repeated indigestion
2) Frequent, scanty feces
3) Refusal to eat grain
4) Negative ketone test
5) Grossly distended omasum |
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Term
| Describe impaction of abomasum |
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Definition
Caused by inferior quality haw and straw
Obstruction of pylorus with placenta or bailing twine
Treatment is surgery
In young calves and lambs: caused by ingesting rags or bedding, fed infrequent intervals or too much milk with high casein content |
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Term
| Signs of impaction of abomasum |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe impaction of large intestine |
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Definition
Common in horses (colic) and pigs
Caused in sows who get little exercise and are fed grain only or are in overcrowded situations or on sandy gravelly areas |
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Term
| Three signs of impaction of large intestine |
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Definition
1) Depression
2) Mostly lie down
3) Scanty, hard, mucous covered feces |
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Term
| Five signs of acidosis in horses |
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Definition
1) Rapid shallow breathing
2) Poor appetite
3) Weakness
4) Lassitude
5) Terminal coma |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Caused by penetration of the abdominal wall and peritoneum or perforation of the alimentary or genital tracts |
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Term
| Six signs of peritonitis. |
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Definition
1) Fever
2) Marked depression
3) Rigid stance
4) Groaning
5) Early constipation then profus diarrhea
6) Left shift |
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Term
| Seven causes of displaced abomasum |
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Definition
1) After calving
2) Nutritional and metabolic factors
3) Ketosis
4) Milk fever
5) Follow retained fetal membranes
6) Mastitis
7) Lameness |
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Term
| Four signs of displaced abomasum |
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Definition
1) Appetite loss
2) Abnormal appetite
3) Weight loss
4) Dull, listless and gaunt appearance |
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Term
| Describe bovine viral diarrhea |
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Definition
Acute contagious disease of cattle
Spread by direct contact |
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Term
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Definition
1) Fever
2) Dry cough
3) Nasal discharge
4) Erosions on lips and mucous membranes of the mouth
5) Abortion |
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Term
| Transmissible gastroenteritis |
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Definition
More serious in newborns, especially piglets
Caused by contact with infected feces or materials |
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Term
| Four signs of transmissible gastroenteritis |
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Definition
1) Yellowish diarrhea
2) Vomiting
3) Dehydration
4) Death |
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Term
| Enterotoxemia/hemmorrhagic septicemia |
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Definition
Acute, non-contagious, highly fatal auto-intoxication of sheep, goats, cattle, swine, foals
Clostridium |
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Term
| Six signs of Enterotoxemia |
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Definition
1) Listlessness
2) Weakness
3) Recumbency
4) Prostraion
5) Coma
6) Death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Downer
2) Flacid paralysis |
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