Humanism

movement based on the ideas and readings of ancient Greece

secular

worldly, not really religious

justification by faith

Martin Luther's concept that faith alone is enough to bring salvation

Who were the Medicis?

What was their affect on the Renaissance?

very rich family from the Italian Renaissance

supported the fine arts and helped the arts blossom

Who painted the Last Supper?

Where is it?

Leonardo da Vinci

Santa Maria Convent in Milan, Italy

Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel

Fresco painting on the ceiling

Where is the Mona Lisa?

What is it missing?

The Louvre, in Paris

Eyebrows

What do we call the writing in da Vinci's notebook?

mirror writing

Johannes Gutenberg

printed the complete edition of the Bible using movable metal type

Where did Martin Luther nail his thesises on the Church?

What were Luther's issues with the church?

What did Luther do while in hiding?

On the front door

indulgences and the sale of indulgences is bad and against the bible

Rewrote the bible in different languages

Who got which side of the Line of Demarcation?

Why was it redrawn?

Spain- land to the west 

Portugal- land to the east

to divide the world's land between the 2 countries

What are the 3 g's?

God

Gold

Glory

Who was America named for?

Amerigo Vespucci

What was the middle passage?

Middle section of the triangular trade, in which enslaved Africans were brought by ship to America

Causes of inflation in Spain

Government borrowing money from foreign bankers

flow of gold and silver from America

How many times did Elizabeth I get married?

Successes of Elizabeth's rule

never married

expanded overseas

defeated spanish and english navy

made protestantism the religion of the country

established poor laws

Who was the last Tudor monarch?

Queen Elizabeth I

Who was the first Stuart monarch?

James I

What was the Edict of Nantes?

Allowed Protestant worship to continue in areas where the Protestants were a mojority, but cut it off from Paris and Catholic strongholds

How many wives did Henry VIII have?

Why did England break away from the Church?

6

Who was the Richelieu?

gained the throne from Henry VI.

favored absolute monarchy

built up french army and economy

What was the pragmatic sanction?

decree issued by a ruler on an important question

What was Ivan's nickname?

the Terrible

What was Peter's nickname?

The Great

What did Peter do while he ruled?

Where was his capital?

What were Peter's main goals?

adopted French rituals

St. Petersburg

Mondernize Russia

Details of Catharine's rule

studied and accomadated to people's needs

expanded Russia's southern borders

Where was Copernicus born?

What did he do?

Poland

thought earth was round and rotated around the sun on its axis

What were Kepler's contributions to science?

proved planets move in ellipses 

Where was Galileo from?

What did he use to study?

Italy

telescope

Who invented the scientific method?

Francis Bacon

Who invented calculus?

Isaac Newton

How were the theories of gravity developed?

Newton saw an apple fall from a tree

Who invented chemistry?

Robert Boyle

What were Hobbes views on the state of nature?

What were Lockes?

thought an absolute government would put a cap on the humans' natural chaos

people that believed in natural state

What is deism?

religious philosophy of the 1700s based on reason and the idea of natural law

Which dynasty is Charles II from?

Stuart dynasty

What were supporters of the king called during the war?

Supporters of Parliament?

Roundheads

royalist

What was the Glorius Revolution?

The English revolt against the unreasonable demands of the king

What is the Restoration?

when many christian believers came together and only believed in the new testament

What was Oliver Cromwell's title?

Lord Protector

What is divine right?

political theory that a ruler derives his or her power directly from God and is accountable only to God

Who was the first president of the United States?

George Washington

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates?

1st- clergy

2nd- nobles

3rd- peasants

Who was the king during the French Revolution?

Louis XVI (16)

What was the Declaration of Rights of Man?

stated all people are equal before the law

granted freedom of: speech, press, and religion

protected against unreasoned arrest and punishment

didn't grant equal rights to women

Who were the Jacobins?

formed the Mountain

sat on high benches at the rear of the hall

Who led the Reign of Terror?

Robespierre

Who takes over France after the Directory?

Napolean Bonaparte

Who overthrew the government to end the French Revolution?

Robespierre

Who was the 1st person to circumnavigate the world?

Magellan

cavaliers

What part of Europe turned protestant during the reformation?

Northern part

Who thought people in the state of nature would be just fine?

John Locke

Who did Queen Mary mary?

Philip II

Where was Galileo born?

Italy

Where was the Spanish Armada sent to invade?

England

What were the goals of the French, English, and Spanish in regards to the Indians?

French- trade & convert them to Christianity

English- let them be and adapt their ways

Spanish- kill them

Who was the most powerful monarch in Spanish history?

Who did he hate?

Details of the Spanish Armada

Phillip II

Elizabeth

their naval troops invaded England

Which king of France ruled the longest?

Where did he live?

Louis XIV (14)

Sun King

Palace of Versailes

France

Why did some want to exclude James II from the throne?

he appointed Catholics to government and university positions, and he allowed free worship by all Christians