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Eye
PE Skills Exam 2
102
Anatomy
Professional
10/19/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
distance of the snellen chart should be ____ft from the pt. If not at that distance, state findings as “xx/xx equivalent”
Definition
20
Term
Check visual acuity in each eye without/with corrective lenses first , then each eye without/with correction
Definition
without
with
Term
20/200 vision. What does this mean?
Definition
patient can read at 20 feet what the average person can read at 200 feet
Term
Legal blindness is vision not correctable to better than
__/__
Definition
20/200
Term
______ Chart – tests near vision
Card held ___” from eyes
Good ____ is a must
Definition
Rosenbaum
14
lighting
Term
____ Chart – tests far vision
Held ____' from the pt
Definition
Snellen
20
Term
Right visual field is seen by left/right temporal view and left/right nasal view.
Definition
right
left
Term
left visual field is seen by left/right temporal view and left/right nasal view
Definition
left
right
Term
information from left visual field is carried along optic tract to the left/right side of the brain.
Definition
right
Term
information from right visual field is carried along optic tract to the left/right side of the brain.
Definition
left
Term
Nasal view of right eye is controlled by right/left brain
Definition
right
Term
Temporal view of right eye is read by the right/left side of brain
Definition
left
Term
nasal view of left eye is controlled by right/left side of brain
Definition
left
Term
Temporal view of left eye is read by the right/left side of brain
Definition
right
Term
If you have a pituitary tumor, you will compress optic chiasm so you will loose nasal/temporal portion vision. This is called: __________ hemianopsia.
Definition
temporal
bitemporal
Term
If have lesion of the optic tract posterior to the optic chiasm on the right side, you will lose ___ & ___ vision.
Definition
right nasal & left temporal
Term
________: Defined as space within which an object can be seen while the eye remains fixed on a point straight ahead. Is tested by ______.
Definition
Peripheral vision
confrontation
Term
Expected visual fields tested by confrontation:
Laterally __-__ degrees
Medially about __ degrees
Superiorly __-__ degrees
Inferiorly __-__ degrees
Definition
90-100
60
50-60
60-75
Term
______- cloudiness of the lens – central vision loss
Definition
Cataracts
Term
_____is a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye
Definition
Glaucoma
Term
_____ – results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the _____) because of damage and degeneration of the retina.
Definition
Macular degeneration
macula
Term
_____ is damage to the eye's retina that occurs with long-term diabetes.

Symptoms include:
Blurred vision and gradual vision loss
Floaters
Shadows or missing areas of vision
Difficulty seeing at nighttime
Definition
Diabetic retinopathy
Term
_______- Loss of half of the visual field
Can be either _____ (on the same side in both eyes) or ______ (of different visual field halves)
Definition
Hemianopsia
homonymous
heteronymous
Term
Males are more likely to be ____ because females would have to have 2 defective X genes.
Definition
color blind
Term
_____ causes loss or thinning of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows
Definition
hypothyroidism
Term
Involuntary movements or fasiculations of eyelids are common w/ _________
Definition
hyperthyroidism
Term
__________ is the turning out of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the inner surface is exposed

Symptoms:
Dry, painful eyes
Excess tearing of the eye (epiphora)
Eyelid turns outward
Definition
Ectropion
Term
______ is an inflammation of the eyelash follicles, along the edge of the eyelid. Causes crusting.
Definition
Blepharitis
Term
_____ involves the turning in of the edges of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the lashes rub against the eye surface.
Definition
Entropion
Term
_____ swelling in the tissues around the eyes. It is almost exclusively caused by fluid buildup around the eyes. When it gets really bad, Need to think of kidney & liver diseases b/c of disruptive protein metabolism. Protein in blood has pressure that pulls water into the blood vessels so if don’t have that pressure, water seeps out into the tissues. Liver not making protein or kidneys dumping all of it out.
Definition
Periorbital edema
Term
______ is also called "drooping eyelid." It is caused by weakness of the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, damage to the nerves that control those muscles, or looseness of the skin of the upper eyelids
Definition
Ptosis
Term
_______ sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids
Definition
Xanthelasma
Term
__________ infection of the hair follicle at the base of the eyelashes. can be seen externally as a small red bump
Definition
Hordeolum
Term
________ small bump in the inner eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland (a sebacious gland that secretes an oil that keeps your tears from swelling up). usually painless.
Definition
Chalazion
Term
________- acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland at the temporal edge of the orbit
Definition
Dacryoadenitis
Term
______– obstruction, inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct) at the inferior nasal side of the orbit
Definition
Dacryocystitis
Term
Patient looks up while examiner gently draws the lower lid down To inspect the ________
Definition
lower eyelid conjuctiva
Term
Usually only inspect Upper eyelid conjunctiva if _____ or _____ suspected
Definition
foreign body or pathology
Term
If conjunctiva is pale, you are concerned about ______
Definition
anemia

however, should be concerned about anemia first and then check for paleness
Term
_____ a type of conjunctivitis that is characterised by giant papillae (projections) and follicles on the inner upper eyelid.
Definition
Cobblestoning
Term
______: Ruptured blood vessel under conjunctiva with a definable/distinct border. Not dangerous, will go away on its own.
Definition
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Term
Purulent discharge from the eye is from a _____ infection.
Watery discharge is from a _____ or _______ infection
Definition
bacterial
viral or allergic
Term
______ Abnormal growth of conjunctiva over cornea, more commonly from nasal side. from Wind and sun exposure
Definition
Pterygium
Term
_________ type of conjunctival degeneration in the eye. a yellowing of the sclera. Associated with sun exposure
Definition
Pingueculum
Term
_____ is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva. not seen as often – could be due to allergies or virus
Definition
Chemosis
Term
Sclera is normally china white, but Normal variant - brown spots of _____ can be present in pt of darker complexion
Definition
melanin
Term
_____ Yellowish sclera; jaundice associated with liver diseases
Definition
Icterus
Term
_____: may indicate osteogenesis imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease)
Definition
Blue sclera
Term
Opacities in the cornea may indicate ______ formation
Definition
cataract
Term
_____ Lipid ring in the periphery of the cornea seen as whitish/bluish discoloration around the iris
Definition
arcus senilus
Term
______ are caused by trauma and infections. can sometimes by accompanied by __________.
Definition
corneal ulcers
hypopyon
Term
_____ is pus in the eye seen in the anterior chamber
Definition
Hypopyon
Term
______ caused by shingles on face – can cause lesions on cornea that can be viewed under Wood’s Lamp
Definition
Herpetic Keratitis
Term
______ the only place to visualize vascular system without sophisticated imaging technology
Definition
Pupil
Term
______– pupillary constriction
Definition
Miosis
Term
______– pupillary dilation
Definition
Mydriasis
Term
_____– is a condition characterized by an unequal size of the pupils. usually the result of a defect in efferent nervous pathways controlling the pupil
One eye dilated & the other constricted
Definition
Anisocoria
Term
______ is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek. With limited and painful eye movements.
Definition
Orbital cellulitis
Term
______ is an infection of the tissues surrounding the eye.
Can move eye without problems.
Definition
Periorbital cellulitis
Term
fragments of _____ in the eyes after a varying length of time show discoloration of the iris, a brownish staining of the cornea, or brownish staining of the lens depending on the location of the deposit and the amount of rusting.
Definition
metal
Term
Scleral injection is a term used to describe ....
Definition
Red eyes -> caused by enlarged, dilated blood vessels, leading to the appearance of redness on the surface of the eye.
Term
non-icteric is a term used to describe....
Definition
no yellowing of the eyes
Term
20/20 OD
Definition
20/20 vision right eye
Term
20/20 OS
Definition
20/20 vision left eye
Term
20/20 OU
Definition
20/20 vision both eyes
Term
_______ refers to a difference in coloration, usually of the iris
Definition
heterochromia
Term
If child under the age of 2 gets ______, will have myosis, mild ptosis, & heterochromia of affected eye. The affected side of face will have a lack of sweating b/c it affects sympathetic nervous system
Definition
horner’s syndrome
Term
_____________ – lid retraction, lid lag, auto-immune mediated proteinaceous accumulation in retrobulbar area
Definition
Hyperthyroid Ophthalmopathy (Exophthalmosis)
Term
Increase in firmness of the globes could be attributed to (3)
Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
Retrobulbar tumor
Term
Lateral rectus moves eyes ________
Definition
laterally
Term
Medial rectus moves eyes ______
Definition
medially
Term
Inferior rectus moves the eyes _____
Definition
inferiorly & medially
Term
Superior rectus moves eyes ______
Definition
superiorly & medially
Term
Inferior oblique moves eyes _______
Definition
superiorly and laterally
Term
Superior oblique moves the eyes _______
Definition
inferiorly & laterally
Term
_______is a form of involuntary eye movement either horizontally, vertically or rotary
Definition
nystagmus
Term
vertical & rotary Nystagmus are always _______
Definition
pathologic
Term
_______ is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other
Definition
strabismus
Term
if hirshberg test is positive then you would proceed with a _________ test
Definition
cover uncover test
Term
________ Test
Pt fixes gaze on an object
Examiner covers one eye with object, holding in place for several seconds
Uncover eye and observe for movement as it focuses on the same object
If it moves significantly to focus, then that is a problem
Definition
Cover-Uncover
Term
________ Outward gaze during cover uncover test
Definition
exotropia
Term
_________ Inward gaze during cover uncover test
Definition
esotropia
Term
____________ Tests for eye balance, specifically strabismus (eyes do not focus on same point in space)
Light shone into eyes from distance
Should reflect at same spot on each pupil
Definition
Corneal Light Reflex – a.k.a. Hirschberg Test
Term
Eye directed outward during corneal light reflex = _____(corneal light reflex deflected ____)
Definition
exotropia
inward
Term
Eye directed inward during corneal light reflex = _______(corneal light reflex deflected _______)
Definition
esotropia
outward
Term
______ is a condition when each eye focuses on a different point
Definition
Diplopia "double vision"
Term
_____ muscle (weak, partially paralyzed) or _____ (unable to move) causes eyes to look in different directions, images separate, and pt sees two images = ______
Definition
Paretic
paralyzed
Diplopia
Term
______ test: Denotes an abnormality of the optic
nerve
Definition
Swinging flashlight
Term
__________ – the ability of the eyes to come to focus in the midline with constriction of pupils when focusing on an object up close
Definition
Convergence and Accomodation
Term
pupils constrict/dilate with up close objects and constrict/dilate with far wision
Definition
constrict
dilate
Term
Intact accommodation with a defect in light reflex abililty sometimes seen in _______(neuropathy, slow to react) and _____(Argyll Robertson pupil)
Definition
diabetes
neurosyphilis
Term
Corneal Reflex Tests:
CN __ – sensory to cornea
CN __ – motor to produce blink
Definition
V
VII
Term
During The Ophthalmoscopic Examination, put Right hand-right eye to view patient’s ___ eye; Left hand - left eye to view patient’s ___ eye
Definition
right
left
Term
________ = minus diopter (lens power) on the ophthalmoscope
Definition
Myopia
Term
_____ = plus diopter (Lens power) on the ophthalmoscope
Definition
Hyperopic or no lens
Term
In a normal optic fundus, Veins are _____ & _____ than arteries
Definition
bigger & darker
Term
______: where Blood vessels are coming out of the periphery & not the center. It is a sign of ____
Definition
disc cupping
glaucoma
Term
_______: optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure

The signs include
hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc
blurring of optic margins
Definition
papilledema
Term
______: Arterial walls are very thin in the eye. Where arterioles and veins cross, you should not see a space between the blood in the artery and the blood in the veins.
When the walls of the artery thicken, you will see a space between them as in the case of hypertensive retinopathy
Definition
AV nicking
Term
_______- seen on the retina as white/yellow irregularly shaped with soft borders -> associated w/ ____ & _____
Definition
Cotton wool spots
diabetics & hypertension
Term
______- seen on the retina as white, yellow round shaped with distinct borders
Definition
Hard Exudates
Term
_____ – (new vessels) happens with diabetics as a part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)
Definition
Neovascularization
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