Term
| What provides the liquid portion of tears? What provides the oily portion? |
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Definition
liquid: lacrimal gland
oily: Meibomian gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to fix the tarsal glands surgically |
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Term
| General care of eye for surgery: |
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Definition
-generous amounts of eye ointment before prep, but ask first!
-scrub solutions and alcohol should never contact cornea
-may not even use alcohol bc fumes
-avoid clipped hair falling into eye |
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Term
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Definition
| eyelids curl inward toward globe |
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Term
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Definition
-typically removes skin from around lid margin at strategic places
-skin sutured together, tension everts eyelid
-warn owners that removing too much tissue causes ectropion, and scarring causes more contraction with time |
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Term
| Untreated entropion leads to... |
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Definition
-corneal ulcers from rubbing with every blink
-secondary uveitis |
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Term
| We prefer to remove (too much / too little) during entropion surgery. |
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Definition
| too little, because another surgery can remove more later if needed |
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Term
| Signs that a dog has entropion? |
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Definition
| squinting, blepharospasms |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of eyelid, usually due to trauma |
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Term
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Definition
hyopyon: pus/WBCs in anterior chamber
hyphema: blood in anterior chamber |
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Term
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Definition
"squishy eye"
decreased intraocular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of blood vessels on the cornea, which is normally avascular, in order to heal some injury on the cornea |
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Term
| What should you warn clients about neovascularization? |
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Definition
| may get worse before it gets better |
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Term
| In what surgery might you use Allis tissue forceps? |
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Definition
| entropion, to crush excess tissue before excising |
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Term
| How to do entropion Sx with laser? |
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Definition
| make a bunch of little x's at the same site you would excise with scalpel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eye lids roll outward, usually lower eye lid |
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Term
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Definition
| St. Bernard, Basset Hound, Mastiff |
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Term
| Typical complaint of ectropion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in cases of really severe ectropion? |
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Definition
| -lids don't close properly, dry eyes result |
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Term
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Definition
-extra eyelid tissue removed, adds tension from lateral commissure
-Y-incision on lateral side of eye, sutured into V |
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Term
| Corneal changes of ectropion? |
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Definition
| neovascularization, pigmentation in severe cases |
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Term
| Certain ophthalmics may not be desired for Sx: |
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Definition
cortisone: delays healing
atropine: mydriasis (dilates pupil) |
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Term
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Definition
mydriasis: dilate pupil, block parasympathetic
miosis: constrict pupil, stimulate parasymphathetic |
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Term
| Plugged and swollen meibomian gland is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| What problems can originate from tarsal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are stys or eyelid tumors dangerous? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is a meibomian gland inflammation or tumor removed? |
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Definition
| wedge resection: remove entire tumor and some tissue to either side |
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Term
| What to caution owners about eyelid tumor removal? |
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Definition
-eyelid margin should line up at incision
-ends of sutures may abrade cornea (blinking, irritation, pawing at it) |
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Term
| Eyelid tumors are usually what sort of tumor? |
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Definition
| adenoma (benign glandular) |
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Term
| Best suture material for eyelids? |
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Definition
multifilament non-absorbable (softer, easier to handle)
-but Costa uses 5-0 Vicryl |
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Term
| 3 reasons Chalazion clamps are handy: |
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Definition
-stabilize eyelid, protect globe
-can do wedge resection
-better apposition of eyelids |
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Term
| proptosis vs exophthalmos |
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Definition
proptosis: eyeball completely pops out of socket
exophthalmos: grossly enlarged globe, bulges but not popped out |
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Term
| Indications for 3rd eyelid flap? |
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Definition
-cover slow healing corneal ulcers
-cover deep corneal ulcers (descemetocele)
-after replacing proptosed globe |
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Term
| Direct contact between the conjunctiva of the 3rd eyelid and the corneal surface supplies: |
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Definition
-moisture
-protection
-supportive pressure
-blood supply to cornea |
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Term
| What must you do when performing a 3rd eyelid flap? |
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Definition
| -stents on upper eyelid so sutures don't pull through skin |
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Term
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Definition
-pop eyeball back in socket
-tack up 3rd eyelid
-shut eyelids 2/3 way |
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Term
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Definition
| a deep corneal ulcer in which the deepest tissue layer of the cornea called Descemet's membrane is exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| where sclera meets cornea |
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Term
| Blueish cornea indicates: |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can 3rd eyelid flaps be left in? |
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Definition
-long time, for weeks
-recheck 5-7d |
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Term
| What to use for stent in 3rd eyelid flap: |
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Definition
| button, IV tubing, penrose drain |
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Term
| What to warn owners about 3rd eyelid flaps? |
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Definition
-pet's appearances (button on eye, for example)
-pet will not have vision on that side |
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Term
| Technical term for cherry eye: |
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Definition
| prolapse 3rd eyelid gland |
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Term
| Describe what happens in cherry eye: |
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Definition
| lymph gland that normally sits under nictitating membrane pops up and appears in the medial canthus of eye |
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Term
| 2 types of cherry eye Sx: |
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Definition
-removal of gland
-tacking gland back down |
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Term
| Function of nititating gland: |
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Definition
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Term
| Who most commonly gets cherry eye? |
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Definition
| Cockers, but Eng. bulldogs too |
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Term
| Negatives of having cherry eye? |
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Definition
-vision obstructed
-dryness, irritation in eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pros and Cons of 3rd eyelid gland removal |
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Definition
PRO
-cherry eye never returns
-most animals produce enough tears without this gland
-can remove other eye gland at same time
-fast and inexpensive Sx
CONS
-can be quite bloody Sx
-KCS can result in future |
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Term
| Pros and Cons of 3rd eyelid gland tack-down |
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Definition
PROS
-may avoid KCS
CONS
-more expensive
-3rd eyelid gland may pop out again
-can't tack down other normal gland at same time |
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Term
| What drug might you use during 3rd eyelid gland removal Sx? |
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Definition
| epinephrine at removal site for hemostasis |
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Term
| Which Sx is performed more often and is considered the standard of care: 3rd eyelid gland removal, or tack-down? |
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Definition
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Term
| What instrument should you NOT use during a 3rd eyelid gland tack-down? |
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Definition
| Allis tissue forceps bc they're traumatic |
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Term
| distichiasis vs trichiasis? |
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Definition
distichiasis: second row of eyelashes, with one pointing inward
trichiasis: eyelashes growing inward |
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Term
| How to treat distichiasis or trichiasis? |
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Definition
-frequent plucking (temporary fix)
-kill follicle with liquid nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
-chronic blinking
-tearing
-corneal ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels in sclera; "blood shot eyes" |
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Term
| chemosis in a kitten usually = |
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Definition
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Term
| nuclear sclerosis vs cataracts |
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Definition
nuclear sclerosis
-normal change with age
-lens hardens
-blueish tinge, vision is fine
-can see retina if viewed with light
cataracts
-crystallization of lens
-animal can't see
-can't see retina if viewed with light |
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Term
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Definition
| when the eyes do not point in the same direction; "crossed eyes" |
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