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Exploring Life Human Body Unit #1
fertilization, embryo development, body systems, germ layers
37
Anatomy
9th Grade
03/12/2012

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Term
What is a single cell, formed from the combination of a sperm and an egg called?
Definition
a zygote
Term
How many cells are in a zygote?
Definition
one
Term
What is the process called the forms a zygote?
Definition
fertilization
Term
What process occurs following the formation of a zygote (fertilization)?
Definition
Cleavage, cell division via mitosis (asexual division)
Term
What develops after the zygote?
Definition
The blastocyst.
Term
The mass of cells in the blastocyst is called the?
Definition
tropoblast
Term
What develops after the blastocyst?
Definition
The gastrula
Term
How many germ layers are produced during gastrulation?
Definition
3
Term
Name the three germ layers produced during gastrulation:
Definition
mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm
Term
Which germ layer is found on the inside?
Definition
endoderm
Term
Which germ layer is found on the outside?
Definition
the ectoderm
Term
Which germ layer is found in the middle?
Definition
the mesoderm
Term
Name the body systems that develop from the ectoderm:
Definition
integumentary and nervous sytems
Term
Name the body systems that develop from the endoderm:
Definition
digestive, endocrine, exocrine, respiratory
Term
Name the body systems that develop from the mesoderm:
Definition
lymphatic, reproductive, muscular, skeletal, circulatory, immune
Term
Sequence the following stages:
A. sperm passes through the cervix
B. sperm is deposited in the vagina
C. sperm releases an enzyme that helps break down the eggs barrier
D. sperm passes through the uterus
E. sperm enters the fallopian tubes
Definition
B-A-D-E-C
Term
Where does fertilization normally occur?
Definition
oviduct or fallopian tubes
Term
List the 7 levels of organization for a human:
Definition
atom-compound/molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system- organisms
Term
List the 3 functions of the skin:
Definition
1. Protect from pathogens
2. Protect from drying out
3. Helps maintain homeostasis (body temp)
Term
Name as many parts of the integumentary system as you can:
Definition
skin, hair, nails,
Term
What type of tissue makes up the integumentary system?
Definition
epithelial and connective
Term
Name the three types of muscles:
Definition
smooth- cardiac-skeletal
Term
Give an example of where you would find a cardiac muscle:
Definition
heart
Term
Give an example of where you would find a smooth muscle:
Definition
diaphragm or digestive system
Term
Give an example of where you would find a skeletal muscle:
Definition
bicep
Term
Which muscle types are voluntary?
Definition
skeletal
Term
Which muscle types are involuntary?
Definition
smooth and cardiac
Term
List the three layers of the skin in order from outside going in:
Definition
epidermis- dermis-hypodermis
Term
Describe the cells of the epidermis
Definition
dead, flat epithelial cells
Term
What protein is found in hair and nails?
Definition
keratin
Term
List three things that are controlled through homeostasis:
Definition
heart rate
respiration rate
ph
Carbon Dioxide level in blood
body temperature
Term
List three ways your body helps maintain homeostasis:
Definition
To main maintain body temp the body will:
sweat, shiver, get goose bumps, flush with blood
To maintain oxygen/carbon dioxide levels the body will increase heart rate to increase circulation, it will also increase respiration rate
Term
List the four major tissue types:
Definition
nervous
connective
epithelial
muscular
Term
What is the major function of the nervous tissue?
Definition
To communicate and send signals between body parts
Term
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Definition
To cover all of the body organs and make up skin
Term
What is the function of muscle tissue?
Definition
To produce movement
Term
What is the function of the connection tissue?
Definition
To connect body parts together, cushion organs, and insulate body
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