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Exploring Human Sexuality CH3
Sexual & Reproductive Anatomy
85
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/09/2007

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Cards

Term
Ampulla
Definition
The wider section of a fallopian tube
Term
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Definition
The most prevalent vaginal infection among women of childbearing age, characterized by a strong fishy odor, and a grey or milky discharge
Term
Bartholin's Glands
Definition
Glands located just inside the vaginal opening that secretes a small amount of fluid during sexual arousal; the function of this secretion is unknown
Term
Bimanual Exam
Definition
Medical procedure to check for abnormalities in the uterus and ovaries
Term
Cervical Os
Definition
The opening of the cervix
Term
Cervix
Definition
Structure that is located at the innermost end of the vagina and is the narrowest and outermost part of the uterus
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Rod-Shaped structures within each cell nucleus that carry genetic material
Term
Cilia
Definition
Tiny hairlike structures inside each fallopian tube whose movements guide the egg cell down the tube
Term
Clitoral Hood
Definition
Tissue that covers the clitoris and is formed by the joining of the labia minora; this tissue rubs against the clitoris during intercourse, usually causing pleasure
Term
Cystocele
Definition
Protrusion of the bladder into the vaginal wall
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
Spasmodic cramping in the lower abdomen, sometimes spreading to hips, lower back, or thighs, during menstruation
Term
Egg Cell (Ovum)
Definition
The female reproductive cell
Term
Endometrial Prostaglandins
Definition
Hormones that cause uterine contractions
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
A disorder of the female reproductive organs in which tissue from the lining of the uterus migrates to other parts of the body
Term
Endometrium
Definition
The inner lining of the uterus
Term
Estrogens
Definition
A group of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and are responsible for producing secondary female sexual characteristics; also found in males in small amounts
Term
Fimbriae
Definition
Fingerlike projections at the end of the infundibulum that partially surround the ovary and help to guide the egg cell into the fallopian tube
Term
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GRH)
Definition
A hormone that is produced y a woman's hypothalamus and signals the pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormones
Term
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GRH)
Definition
A hormone that is produced by a woman's hypothalamus and signals the pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormones
Term
Homologous Structure
Definition
Any organ found in both male and female that developed from the same cells in the fetus
Term
Hymen
Definition
A thin ring of tissue partially covering the vaginal opening
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
Cone-shaped end of each fallopian tube near the ovary
Term
Introitus
Definition
The opening to the vaginal canal, through which the female menstruates, gives birth, and has vaginal intercourse
Term
Isthmus
Definition
Narrow portion of a fallopian tube adjacent to the uterus
Term
Fallopian Tube
Definition
Tube that runs from each ovary to the uterus; also called the oviduct
Term
Female Genital Mutilation
Definition
The removal of part of all of the external female genitalia
Term
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition
A hormone that is released by the pituitary gland during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of several ovarian follicles
Term
Follicular Phase
Definition
The phase of the menstrual cycle that starts at the onset of menstruation and ends with ovulation, during which an ovarian follicle develops in an ovary; also known as the proliferative phase or the preovulatory phase
Term
Kegel Exercises
Definition
Exercises to strengthen the pubococcygeus muscle in order to reduce urinary incontinence and possibly increase sexual pleasure
Term
Labia Majora
Definition
Two folds of fleshy tissue extending from the mons veneris to below the vaginal opening; also called the outer lips
Term
Labia Minora
Definition
Two relatively small, hairless folds of tissue located within the labia majora; also called the inner lips
Term
Luteal Phase
Definition
The phase of the menstrual cycle that begins at ovulation and continues to the onset of menstruation; also known as the secretory phase or the postovulatory phase
Term
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Definition
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation
Term
Menstrual Cycle
Definition
The process by which the female body produces a mature egg cell, or ovum, that is capable of being fertilized by a sperm
Term
Menstruation
Definition
Bleeding that occurs as a woman's body sheds the inner lining of the uterus if an egg has not been fertilized and implanted there
Term
Mons Veneris
Definition
The mound of fatty tissue covering the female's pubic bone; also called mons pubis
Term
Ovarian Cancer
Definition
Disease resulting from the growth and spread of abnormal cells in an ovary
Term
Ovarian Cyst
Definition
An abnormal fluid- or gel-filled sac that forms on an ovary
Term
Ovaries
Definition
Two solid, egg-shaped structures that are located near the ends of the fallopian tubes and that produce egg cells and some female hormones
Term
Ovulation
Definition
The release of an egg cell, or ovum, from an ovarian follicle
Term
Ovum (Egg Cell)
Definition
The female reproductive cell
Term
Pap Test
Definition
A medical procedure designed to detect abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix; also known as a Pap Smear
Term
Pelvic Exam
Definition
Medical assessment of all the female reproductive organs
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Definition
Inflammation of any of the organs in the pelvic region (cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, abdominal cavity, or ovaries). Causes abdominal pain, tenderness, nausea, fever, and irregular menstrual cycles and lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, ruptured membranes and spontanieous abortions
Term
Perineum
Definition
The muscular region covered with skin that extends from the vaginal opening to the anal opening in the female, and from the scrotum to the anal opening in the male.
Term
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMMD)
Definition
Severe and debilitating primarily psychological changes during the luteal phase of a woman's menstrual cycle
Term
Progesterone
Definition
The hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum and is responsible for preparing the uterine lining for impregnation
Term
Pubococcygeus Muscle (PC Muscle)
Definition
Muscle that surrounds the vaginal and urethral openings and is responsible for controlling the flow of uring and the tautness of the vaginal opening
Term
Skene's Glands
Definition
A pair of glands located at the sides of the urethral opening, which secrete a small amount of fluid and might play a role in female ejaculation
Term
Speculum
Definition
A dual bladed metal or plastic instrument that is inserted in the vagina during a pelvic exam to the physician to examine the cervix and vaginal walls
Term
Urethra
Definition
The passage through which urine flows out of the bladder; in the female, the urethral opening is just above the vaginal opening
Term
Uterine Fibroids
Definition
Benign, solid tumors that form on the inside or outsideof the uterus or within the uterine walls
Term
Vagina
Definition
Internal genitalia in the female
Term
Vaginitis
Definition
An old term for Bacterial Vaginosis
Term
Vestibular Bulb
Definition
Body of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening beneath the surface tissues that becomes engorged during sexual arousal
Term
Vestibule
Definition
Areas between the labia minora where the urethral and vaginal openings are located
Term
Vulva
Definition
External genitalia in the female; highly enervated and resonsive to touch
Term
Rectal Exam
Definition
Medical procedure in which a rphysician feels the prostate gland through the rectal wall in order to assess for abnormalities
Term
Spermatic Cord
Definition
A cord from which each testis is suspended in the scrotum; contains the nerves and blood vessels supplying the testes and the vas deferens
Term
Vas Deferens
Definition
Tubes running from each testis to an ejaculatory duct
Term
Cremaster Muscle
Definition
Muscle located in the spermatic cord that assists the dartos muscle in raising and lowering the scrotal sac
Term
Ejaculatory Ducts
Definition
Two ducts within the prostate gland through which the seminal vesicles empty into the vas deferens
Term
Seminal Vesicles
Definition
Small elongated structures located just outside the prostate gland that emit fluid into the vas deferens through the ejaculatory glands
Term
Dartos Muscle
Definition
Muscle under the skin of the scrotum that contracts and relaxes to raise or lower the scrotal sac
Term
Cryptorchidism
Definition
Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum during prenatal development
Term
Testes
Definition
The male organs that produce and store sperm, located in the scrotum
Term
Seminiferous Tubules
Definition
Coiled tubes in the lobes of the testes that produce the sperm
Term
Tunica Albuginea
Definition
Sheath of tissue in the testes that surrounds the seminiferous tubules
Term
Spermatogenesis
Definition
Process by which the seminiferous tubules produce sperm
Term
Interstitial Cells (aka Leydig's Cells)
Definition
Cells in the testes that produce androgens and release them into the bloodstream
Term
Rete Testes
Definition
Network of tubules within the testes through which the sperm travel to get from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis
Term
Epididymis
Definition
Long, coiled tube lying against the back of each testis, in which mature sperm are stored prior to ejaculation
Term
Scrotum
Definition
Hairless or lightly hair-covered saclike structure with two separate chambers, each of which houses one of the testes
Term
Perineaum
Definition
The muscular region covered with skin that extends from the vaginal opening to the anal opening in the female, and from the scrotum to the anal opening in the male
Term
Corpora Cavernosa
Definition
Two cylindrical spongy bodies of erectile tissue that are bound in thick membrane sheaths, are located within the shaft of the clitoris and the penis, and become engorged with blood during sexual arousal
Term
Corpus Spongiosum
Definition
A cylindrical body located within the shaft of the penis, and consisting of spongy, erectile tissue bound in a thick membranous sheath; houses the urethra and becomes engorged with blood during sexual arousal
Term
Male Urethra
Definition
In the male, a tube that runs the length of the penis in the center of the corpus spongiosum, through which urine flows and semen is ejaculated
Term
Penis
Definition
External cylindrical structure composed of a shaft and a glans
Term
Shaft
Definition
The portion of the penis between the glans and the body wall of the pelvis
Term
Root
Definition
The portion of the penis that extends into the body cavity and is anchored to the pubic bone
Term
Glans
Definition
The cone-shaped structure at the end of the penis
Term
Coronal Ridge (aka Corona)
Definition
The rim of the glans
Term
Foreskin (Prepuce)
Definition
The fold of skin covering the glans of the penis
Term
Frenulum
Definition
A band of tissue that connects the glans to the foreskin
Term
Meatus
Definition
The urethral opening at the tip of the penis
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