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| first big group of immigrants to NC in the 1700s; settled mostly in Eastern NC in Coastal Plain; mostly wealthy planters/gentry |
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| mostly settled in backcountry of NC and were small farmers |
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| mostly settled in backcountry of NC and were craftsmen, doctors, and small farmers |
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| a religious group of Pennsylavnia Dutch who settled in the backcountry of NC and served as doctors and craft workers |
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| thinly populated area along frontier of American colonies; characterized by Appalachian Mountains and small farmers |
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| a main road European immigrants took to arrive in colonial NC |
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| exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and goods from New World (Americas) to the Old World (Europe) |
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| conquistadore who conquered the Incas |
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| conquistadore who conquered the Aztecs |
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| conquistadore who searched for fountain of youth and claimed St. Augustine as Spanish land in Florida |
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| explorer who explore NC and attempted to set up the first permanent Spanish colony in NC |
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| trading system that involved the sending of slaves from Africa to the Americas, raw products such as sugar and tobacco were farmed and sent to Europe, and then Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa. It was a continuous cycle. |
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| process of exchanging and mixing cultural traits such as language and religion |
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| Queen Elizabeth of England gave him a charter to explore a set up a permanent colony in North America at Roanoke Island. |
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| 1585 colony attempt which failed at Roanoke Island due to conflict with natives, poor eadership, and lack of food |
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| England's 2nd attempt to set up a permanent colony in North America at Roanoke Island. It ran low on supplies, had conflict with natives, and is a mystery as to why it exactly vanished. |
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| Amadas and Barlowe Expedition |
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| young sailors who explorerd Roanoke Island and reported back to England their good report as a place that would suitable for settlement |
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| Two Native Americans who befriended English colonists at Roanoke Island. |
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| The first English child born in America |
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| English explorer who sailed for the Dutch and claimed New Amsterdam, at the coast of prsent-day New York City |
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| Italian sailor who sailed for France in hopes of finding an all-water direct route from Europe to Asia (explored parts of NC coast) |
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| Spain sent large fleet of ships in 1580s to invade England and restore Catholicism in England; England was ruled by Queen Elizabeth I at the time who was a Protestant |
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| a Protestant Queen of England in the late 1500s who was eager to challenge Spain's power in North America |
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| a territory claimed by France in the area surrounding what is today Michigan |
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| area where present-day New York was; it was settled by the Dutch originally |
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| founded New France in 1608 |
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| Claimed Newfoundland , Canada for England in 1497 |
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| region that stretches from modern-day Mexico to Central America; some of first advanced major civilations in the Americas developed here thousands of years ago |
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| is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. |
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| Advanced/complex Native American civilizations that existed and were taken over by Europeans or unknown causes |
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| Great Plains Native American Culture Region |
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| defined by hunting large animals, farming, lots of open grass land, |
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| Eastern Woodlands Native American Culture Region |
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| defined by slash and burn farming, using forests, farming, hunting,and fishing from rivers and ocean |
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| Southwest Native American Culture Region |
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| culture region which included the Pueblo tribes who invented irrigation systems to get water into the desert-like environment they lived in |
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| Pacific Northwest Native American Culture Region |
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| relied on ice fishing and whale hunting in a cool and wet climate |
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| Established in 1607, it was England's 1st permanent colony in North America |
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| discovered how to grow a sweet tobacco in Jamestown, and he married Pocohontas which helped bring peace between colonists and the Powhattan tribe. |
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| strong leader of Jamestown who forced the colonists to plant food and build shelter rather than look for gold |
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| strong leader of Jamestown who forced the colonists to plant food and build shelter rather than look for gold |
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| someone who works for free to pay off a debt and then is free to work for pay; many English colonists came over to America this way |
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| representative government |
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| when people have a say in their leaders and laws; it was a type of government set up at Jamestown called the House of Burgesses |
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| first representative form of government based on English laws in America |
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| tribal chief of Native Americans at Jamestown who had conflict and peace at times with English colonists |
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| region of the 13 colonies chracterized by diversity, religious tolerance, and farming as well as trade |
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| established Pennsylvania as a holy experiment for Quakers to escape persecution from Anglicans and other Protestants |
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| cultural pluralism/diversity |
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| refers to a mix of different types of ethnic groups, langugaes, beliefs, etc.. |
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| cities with large sea ports for trading goods such as New York City or Philadelphia |
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| in present-day New York, was a very diverse colony originally created by the Dutch |
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| the name given to a city created by the Dutch, where present-day New York City is on Manhattan Island |
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| led the fight to take New Netherlands from the Dutch and put it in English control |
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| being open and able to co-exist with other eligions peacefully |
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| Transatlantic Slave Trade/Triangle Trade |
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| system of exchange of slaves , weapons, rum, sugar, molasses, and tobacco involving |
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| region of the 13 colonies characterized by cold weather, manufacturing, sea-port trade, and Puritan culture |
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| religious group of Protestants who were very intolerant of others and established Massahcussetts Bay Colony as a "city upon a hill" to escape religious persecution in England |
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| a religious group in the New England colonies who escaped persecution in England, signed the Mayflower Compact, and settled Plymouth |
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| phrase used to describe culture in the New England colonies where hard work, education, church, and close communities were valued |
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| anyone who disagreed with the Puritans in Mass. Bayand challenged their authority |
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| religious group who the Purtians persecuted in MA Bay because they challenged Puritan beleifs |
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| Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson |
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| dissenters who challenged the Puritans culture and set up a new colony called Rhode Island |
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| leader of the Puritans when Mass. Bay was first established |
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| 1630-1640, a period when 20,000 Puritans fled persecution in England and came to Mass. Bay |
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| Document signed by Pilgrims on their voyage to America that set up laws and rules for all settlers to follow |
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| when people are discriminated against due to their religious beleifs |
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| when slaves were marched across land to West Coast of Africa to be shipped to the Americas |
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| process where slaves were placed on slave ships and shipped across Atlantic to the Americas (hundreds of thousands died before arriving) |
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| Process by which slaves were bought and sold once they arrived in the Americas. Plantation owners paid top price (5-10,000 dollars) for a healthy strong male slave |
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| crops such as sugar, tobacco, cotton, which were grown for tremdnous amounts of profit |
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| products from pine trees commonly traded in the 13 colonies, especially NC,and used on ships |
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| crops which are primarily grown for profit such as tobacco, cotton |
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| laws which England passed to restrict trade in the 13 colonies and tax them; 13 colonies could only trade using English ships and could only trade certain goods to England |
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| large farms where slaves worked to produce cash crops usually in the South |
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| colonies where the King of England granted land in America to wealthy investors; these investors then controlled the colonies |
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| colonies directly controlled by England, with no proprietors involved |
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| men who established and controlled the Carolina Colony in 1665 until it became a royal colony in 1729 |
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| established Maryland as a heaven for Catholics to escapr religious persecution |
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| established Georgia as a place where people could move to escape debt |
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| War between Puritans and Anglicans (Royalists) in England which forced Anglicans to immigrate in large numbers to the Southern and Middle Colonies |
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| treaty signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, agreeing to divide lands in western hemisphere between them; the agreement set up a boundary called the Line of Demarcation |
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| economic system where a country increases its profit by setting up a favorable balance of trade |
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| people sent by Christian churches to convert Native Americans to Christianity |
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| judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. |
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| the extension or imposition of one country's power, authority, or influence at the expense of other countries or groups; For example, Spain conquering land and spreading its culture in South America |
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| Portuguese sailor who created his own sailing school to train explorers to sail the world |
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| Spanish word for conquerer, referring to explorers in the 1500-1600s who conquered new lands for gold and glory |
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| Christian church in 1500s split into two groups, Protestants and Catholics; Protestants led by Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Christian church;also called the schism |
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| places are grouped together by shared characterisitcs (human or physical) |
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precise, a formal name given to it
Examples: The Piedmont Region, The Coastal Plain Region, The Southeast, The Northeast, The Midwest |
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imprecise, not a formal name for a region, the sense of place that is revealed in ordinary people's language;
examples: the southern part of NC,
the far west |
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regions with similar activity
Examples: The Corn Belt |
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| physical characteristics of a place such as landforms, climate, etc... |
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| non-physical characteristics of a place such as economy, culture, etc.. |
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| region in NC and on Atlantic East Coast characterized by flat land, fertile soil, and warm weather |
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| central region of NC characterized by rolling hills and red-clay soil |
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| region of NC characterized by cold weather and rocky soil |
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| a narrow strip of islands off of the coast of NC |
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| Mountain system that makes up Western border of NC and extends throughout eastern part of U.S. |
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| cooler climate, rocky soil, characterized by more manufacturing than farming, major landforms include Hudosn River |
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| characterized by moderate climate with fertile soil, a Coastal Plain and Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains |
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| characterized by rolling hills with some flat land, the central part of the U.S. the Great Plains,the Great Lakes, the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers |
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| characterized by cooler climate, the Rocky Mountains, and near pacific Coast a marine climate (wet and rainy) |
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| characterized by hot and dry weather, desert-like climate, major landforms include Mojave Desert, Rio Grande River, Grand Canyon, |
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