Term
| What species are primarily affected by the orf virus (contagious ecthyma)? |
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Definition
Sheep and goats
*This is a zoonotic virus and can affect people working closely with affected animals* |
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Term
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Definition
The poxviridae family; double stranded DNA virus
This family also includes bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV). |
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Term
| What are the typical lesions of ORFV in goats and sheep? |
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Definition
Initially: pustular skin lesions that first appear on the mouth, oral mucosae, teats and around the nostrils
Progressive dz (over 1-2 mo): formation of papules, vesicles, pustules with a yellow/cream appearance and crusting; this is not a scarring dermatoses
[image] |
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Term
| When human are infected with ORFV, what are the typical clinical signs? |
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Definition
Erythematous papules of the fingers/finger joints, palms, face and lips
Fever, malase and lymphadenopathy are common
Generally resolves with only supportive care in 6-12 weeks |
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Term
| The orf virus genome encodes a number of immunomodulatory proteins that enhance its virulence (and make it a good candidate for a vaccine vector, immunomodulatory agent or antitumor treatment), name 2. |
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Definition
Viral interleukin 10 (has marked homology to IL-10) - inhibits cytokine synthesis: (IL-8 and TNF) from macs and keratinocytes; (INF-gamma) from lymphocytes
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - approximately 25% homology, promotes mitosis of epithelial cells and regulate blood vessel formation
Virus interferon resistance protein - weakens the IFN induced intracellular antiviral response
Chemokine binding protein - inhibits G-protein coupled chemokines via competitive binding
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor/IL-2 inhibitory protein
Nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitory protein
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Term
| What topical parasiticide should never be used on rabbits? |
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Definition
| Fipronil (don't use it on hedgehogs either) |
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Term
| What is the ear mite of rabbits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common itchy mite of guinea pigs? |
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Definition
| The scabies mite, Trixacarus caviae |
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Term
| [image] You found this mite on a guinea pig that is very itchy. What is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common itchy mite on rats and hamsters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parasite might make a guinea pig so itchy it looks like it is seizing? |
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Definition
| Trixacarus caviae (sarcoptes type mite) |
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Term
| What two types of lice can affect guinea pigs? |
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Definition
| Gyropus ovalis and gliricola porcelli |
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Term
| What are effective treatments for mites and lice in small mammals? |
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Definition
| Selamectin (Revolution), topical Bravecto in rabbits, injectable ivermectin (SQ or PO, only SQ in guinea pigs) |
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Term
| How do we treat dermatophytes in small mammals? |
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Definition
| Lime sulfur can be very effective, topical enilconazole (not avail in US) |
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Term
| What small mammal species will 'fur slip' when frightened or stressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of demodex do hamsters like to get? |
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Definition
| Demodex aurati- follicular mite, demodex criceti, stratum corneum superficial mite. Fluralaner topically, ivermectin SQ? |
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Term
| What is the recommended treatment for rabbit syphillis? |
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Definition
| Penicillin G (can give by injection, but watch for gut issues), could also do chloramphenicol or azithromycin (not as effective) |
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Term
| What type of virus causes myxomatosis in rabbits? |
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Definition
| A pox virus- causes nodules, then exudate, high mortality |
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Term
| What type of bacteria is most common for rabbit abscesses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of alopecia in ferrets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the names of the lice found on mice and rats, respectively? |
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Definition
| Polyplax serrata (mice), polyplax spinulosa (rats) - can be vectors for mycoplasma, encephalitozoon, other diseases |
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Term
| What species is the rabbit flea? |
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Definition
| Spilopsyllus cuniculi, tx with Advantage (imidacloprid) |
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Term
| In which small mammal is demodex the most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which small animal species can get cystic ovaries and associated alopecia from hyperestrogenism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which chyletiella is found most often on rabbits? |
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Definition
| Parasitovorax (use selamectin!) |
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Term
| Adrenocortical disease in ferrets |
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Definition
- 2nd most common tumor
- affects adrenocortical zona reticularis adenoma
- excess secretion of estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androsteindione
- tumors may invade vena cava
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