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Exercise Testing 3
pharm testing and pulm testing
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
12/02/2011

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Term
pharm stress tests are know as
Definition
non exercise stress tests
Term
pharm tests are proven to be an 
Definition
alternative to elicit MI in those who cannon exercise adequately
Term
pharm tests are done in combination with an
Definition
EKG
Term
How is a pharm test done
Definition
Ischemia is provoked by Coronary artery vasodilation or increased myocardial oxygen demand
Term
Vasodilation is accomplished by the
Definition
intervenous administration of dipyridamole or adenosine
Term
Dipyridamole or adenosine work by
Definition
relaxing the coronary artery smooth muscle
Term
the non dilation in one artery causes
Definition
coronary steal syndrome
Term
in coronary steal syndrome blood flow through the normal vessel is 
Definition
increased at the expense of the diseased vessel
Term
as a result of coronary steal syndrome
Definition
ischemia occurs as a result of the decreased flow to the myocardium served by the diseased artery
Term
in myocardial oxygen demand ______ and ______ are two agents most commonly used to _____
Definition
dobutamine; arbutamine; stress the heart by increasing the myocardial oxygen demand
Term
dobutamine and arbutamine stimulate
Definition
cardiac beta receptors that increase rate and force of the myocardium contraction
Term
echocardiography
Definition
a group of tests that utilize ultrasound to examine the heart and record information in the form of echoes
Term
in echocardiography, stress induced myocardial ischemia results in 
Definition
decreased regional wall motion and wall thickening
Term
the sensitivity for detecting lesions is ____ in a stress echo than in an exercise EKG
Definition
higher
Term
with exercise stress echoes images are obtain _____ the completion of a standard exercise test
Definition
before and immediately after
Term
nuclear imaging
Definition
display of an image of the heart from the detection of radiation emitted from the patient following administation of a radioistope
Term
radioisotope
Definition
an atome that disintegrates over time through emission of electromagnetic radiation
Term
cardiac cells that are ischemic _____ take up the radioisotope
Definition
will not
Term
most common radioisotope used
Definition
technetium-99m sestamibi
Term
lung disease can be classified into one of three categories
Definition

obstructive

restrictive

vascular disease

Term
normal inspiration
Definition

diaphragm contracts and moves down

negative pressure within the thorax develops 

causes air to move into the lungs from mouth

Term
normal expiration
Definition

diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

rib cage moves inward

allows air to move from the lungs to the mouth

assisted by elastic recoil

Term
COPD caused by
Definition
progressive expiratory airflow obstruction
Term
symptoms of COPD
Definition

dyspnea at rest and with exertion

cough and sputum production

Term
COPD is characterized by
Definition

nonuniform narrowing of airways secondary to inflammation

loss of elastic recoil

increased RV at the end of forced expiration

causes diaphragm to flatten

Term
emphysema
Definition
lack of elastic recoil and smaller airway occurs
Term
pink puffers often report
Definition

dyspnea

are barrel chested

have little cough/sputum production

typically thin

Term
emphysema patient shows
Definition

reduced FEV1/FVC ratio

elevated TLC

Term
chronic bronchitis characterized by
Definition

cough and mucous production

involves abnomalities of larger aiways

 

Term
chronic bronchitis often associated with 
Definition
pulmonary HTN and RVH
Term
chronic bronchitis patients are often referred to as
Definition
blue bloater
Term
chronic bronchitis patients exhibit 
Definition

Low VE

reduced FEV1/FVC

mildly increased TLC

Term
asthma characterized by
Definition

increased airway reactivity

resulting in narrowing of airways that is reversible

Term
in asthma _____ max expiratory flow rates, _____ expiratory airway resisitance, and ____ RV and TLC
Definition
reduced, increased, elevated
Term
pulmonary function test can diagnose ____ and check ____
Definition
disease; progression
Term
FEV1 in pulmonary function testing best correlates with
Definition
morbidity and mortality
Term
pulmonary function testing stage 1 ____ impairment for QoL
Definition
little
Term

pulmonary function testing stage 2 ____ impairment for QoL

Definition
significant
Term

pulmonary function testing stage 3 ____ impairment for QoL

Definition
significant
Term
restrictive lung disease
Definition
reduced lung volume through their involvement of the elastic recoil or thoracic cage
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