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Organ Systems
Covers a brief review of the organ systems, their functions, and the organs within them.
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/11/2013

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Term
Cell
Definition
The basic building block of all living things.
Term
Tissue
Definition
A group of cells that are similar in structure and function.
Term
Organ
Definition
A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.
Term
Organ System
Definition
A group of organs that act together to perform a particular body function.
Term
Integumentary System Organs
Definition
Epidermal and dermal regions; cutaneous sense organs and glands.
Term
Integumentary System Functions
Definition
- Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and desiccation (drying out).
- Excretes salt and urea.
- Aids in regulation of body temperature.
- Produces vitamin D.
Term
Skeletal System Organs
Definition
Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
Term
Skeletal System Functions
Definition
- Body support and protection of internal organs.
- Provides levers for muscular action.
- Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation.
Term
Muscular System Organs
Definition
Muscles attached to the skeleton.
Term
Muscular System Functions
Definition
- Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion (running, walking, etc.), grasping and manipulation of the environment,and facial expression.
- Generates heat.
Term
Nervous System Organs
Definition
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Term
Nervous System Functions
Definition
- Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands.
- Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical system.
Term
Endocrine System Organs
Definition
Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas.
Term
Endocrine System Function
Definition
Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical "messengers" (hormones) that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various "target organs" of the body.
Term
Cardiovascular System Organs
Definition
Heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Term
Cardiovascular System Functions
Definition
- Primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart.
- Antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood protect the body.
Term
Lymphatic/Immune System Organs
Definition
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and scattered collection of lymphoid tissue.
Term
Lymphatic/Immune System Functions
Definition
- Picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood.
- Cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris.
- Houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances.
Term
Respiratory System Organs
Definition
Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Term
Respiratory System Functions
Definition
- Keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide.
- Contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood via its carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system.
Term
Digestive System Organs
Definition
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures (teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas).
Term
Digestive System Functions
Definition
- Breaks down ingested foods to minute particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells.
- Undigested residue removed fromt he body as feces.
Term
Urinary System Organs
Definition
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Term
Urinary System Functions
Definition
- Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes (urea, uric acid, and ammonia), which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids by body cells.
- Maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood.
Term
Male Reproductive System Organs
Definition
Testes, prostate, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carries sperm to the body exterior.
Term
Female Reproductive System Organs
Definition
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina.
Term
Reproductive System Functions
Definition
- Provides germ cells (sperm or eggs) for perpetuation of the species.
- Female uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant.
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