Primary somatosensory area- parietal lobe in post central gyrus: revieves impulses for pain, thermal sensation, and proprioception

Primary Visual Area-Occipital Lobe, receives impulses for vision(shape&Color)

Primary Auditory Area- Receives sound, pitch & Rhythm

Primary Gustatory Area- base of postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe, receives info on taste

Primary Olefactory Area- temporal lobe, recieves info on smell

Sosatosensory association area: recieves input from primary somatosensory area, integrates and interprets senses

Prefrontal Cortex- complex learning skills, judgment, personality

visual area- occipial lobe nect to primary visual area, relates past and present experience

auditory area- temporal lobe allows u 2 recongnize sound

Wernickes area- L temporal and parietal lobes, interprets meaning of speech by recongnizing words

common integrative area- integrates all sensory data so you respond appropraitely

premotor area- controls learned skills of a repitious nature(typing)

frontal eye field area- frontal cortex, controls scanning movement of the eye

Pyramidal cells

upper motor neurons

fibers cross over in the medulla

Axons end in the anterior gray horn where they synapse with an association neuron

2) The association neuron then synapse with a lower motor neuron

3) Lower motor neurons innervate muscle

4) Damage to lower motor neurons results in a flaccid paralysis

5) Damage to upper motor neurons results in a spastic paralysis: increased muscle tone, exaggerated reflexes and pathological reflexes such as babinski sign

Reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts

Follow complex, polysnaptic circuts that involve motor cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus, cerebellum, reticular formation and nuclei of the brain stem- five major tracts

1) Receive both exitatory and inhibitory input from both direct and inderect pathways

2) Final common pathway

3)Sum of input determines whether or not a muscle will contract

1) Over 90% of the human population the left hemisphere is dominant for the spoken and written language

2) Left hemispheres controls numerical and scientific skills and reasoning

3) Right hemispheres control left side of the body, relationships, imagination, awareness, space

Globus Pallidus-Regulates muscle tone

Leniform Nucleus- putamen and globus pallidus together

Corpus Striatum- putamen and caudate nucleus

Located in the cerebral hemisperes and above the brainstem

Makes up 80% of diencephalon

-Plays a role in emotion, memory, awareness, and cognition

-Control the autonomic nervous system

-controls the pituitary gland

-regulates eating and drinking

-controls body temp

regulation of diurnal rhythms and states of consciousness

Located in the cerebral hemisphere and diencephalon

-"the emotional Brain"

Connects spinal cord to diencephalon

Made up of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Cerebral Peduncles- Contain tracts which carry some of the motor fibers from the cerebral cortex to the pons, medulla and spinal cord.

Superior Colliculi -  reflex centers for movements of eyes, head and neck in response to visual

-Inferior Colliculi- Reflex centers for movement of head and trunk in response to sound