Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam4
Bones and Joints
82
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/05/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Term
Line
Definition
Term
Spine
Definition
Term
Facet
Definition
Term
Sinus
Definition
Term
Groove
Definition
Term
Crest
Definition
Term
Tubercle
Definition
Term
Process
Definition
Term
Condyle
Definition
Term
Meatus
Definition
Term
Fissure
Definition
Term
Trochanter
Definition
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
Term
Head
Definition
Term
Ramus
Definition
Term
Fossa
Definition
Term
Foramen (Foramina)
Definition
Term
Define the two subdivisions of the skeleton
Definition
Appendicular and Axial
Term
State the approximate number of bones in the adult body
Definition
206
Term
Explain why this number varies with age and from one person to another
Definition
Some people have different number of bones, because some of the fused already or have not yet fused. Some very small bones may be absent as well
Term
define several terms that denote surface features of bones
Definition
Term
what bones are considered cranial? (8)
Definition
Frontal
2 Parietal
2 Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Term
what bones are considered facial? (14)
Definition
Nasal (2)
Mandible
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Maxillae (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Palatine (2)
Vomer
Term
what are the cavities in the skull and where are they located?
Definition
Paired cavities in ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and maxillary
Lined with mucous membranes and open into nasal cavity
Resonating chambers for voice
Lighten the skull
Sinusitis is inflammation of the membrane
Term
what are the sutures that join the bones of the skull
Definition
lamdoid suture in back of head, squamous suture, around temporal bone, coronal suture in front of skull, sagittal suture deividing skull into left and right,
Term
Describe the developement of the skull from infancy through childhood
Definition
when infant is born the cranial bones have not yet fused together, this process is usually completed in early childhood
Term
Articulation
Definition
Term
Dislocation
Definition
Term
Luxation
Definition
Term
Subluxation
Definition
Term
Ligament
Definition
Term
Tendon
Definition
Term
Synarthosis
Definition
Term
amphiarthrosis
Definition
Term
diarthrosis
Definition
Term
Periodontal ligament
Definition
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
Term
Joint Cavity (synovial cavity)
Definition
Term
Articular capsule
Definition
Term
Fibrous capsule
Definition
Term
Synovial membrane
Definition
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
Term
extracapsular ligaments
Definition
Term
intracapsular ligaments
Definition
Term
Fatty pads
Definition
Term
Menisci (articular discs)
Definition
Term
Bursae
Definition
Term
Tendon sheaths
Definition
Term
explain what joints are, how they are named, and what functions they serve;
Definition
Term
name and describe the four major classes of joints;
Definition
Term
describe the three types of fibrous joints and give an example of each;
Definition
Term
distinguish between the three types of sutures;
Definition
Term
describe the two types of cartilaginous joints and give an example of each
Definition
Term
name some joints that become synostoses as they age
Definition
Term
name and describe six classes of synovial joints
Definition
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
Forms central supporting axis of the body
Skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, and hyoid
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
Pectoral girdle
Upper extremity
Pelvic girdle
Lower extremity
Term
Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
Definition
Tuberosity – Crest – Trochanter – Line - Tubercle
Epicondyle - Spine - Process
Term
Projections that help form joints
Definition
Head – Facet – Condyle - Ramus
Term
Cavities
Definition
Sinus
Term
Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass
Definition
Meatus – Fossa – Groove – Fissure - Foramen (foramina)
Term
frontal bone (what belongs to it?)
Definition
Forehead, roof of orbits & anterior floor of the cranial cavity
Supraorbital margin and frontal sinus
Term
parietal and occipital bones (what belongs to it?)
Definition
Parietal
Sides & roof of cranial cavity
Occipital Bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
External occipital protuberance attachment for ligamentum nuchae
Term
temporal bone (what belongs to it?)
Definition
Temporal squama (thin, flat part),Petrous portion,Mastoid portion,Zygomatic process forms part of the arch,External auditory meatus,
Mastoid process,Styloid process,Stylomastoid foramen,Mandibular fossa
Carotid foramen
Jugular foramen
Internal auditory meatus
Term
sphenoid bone (what belongs to it?)
Definition
Base of skull
Pterygoid processes are attachment sites for jaw muscles
Body is cube-like portion holding sphenoid sinuses
Greater & Lesser wings
Optic foramen, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale
Sella turcica
Term
what belongs to the ethmoid bone?
Definition
Cranial floor, lateral nasal walls & nasal septum
Cribriform plate & olfactory foramina
Crista galli is attachment for membranes covering the brain
Lateral masses contain ethmoid sinuses
Perpendicular plate is upper part of nasal septum
Superior & middle nasal conchae or turbinates
Term
hyoid bone
Definition
U-shaped bone
Articulates with no other bones
Suspended by ligaments and muscles from skull
Supports tongue and provides attachment for tongue, neck and pharyngeal muscles
Term
describe features of a typical vertebra
Definition
Body - weight bearing
Vertebral arch
Pedicles
Laminae
Vertebral foramen
7 processes
2 transverse
1 spinous
4 articular
Vertebral notches
Term
what is a spinal canal?
Definition
Spinal canal is all vertebral foramen together
Term
what is a intervertebral foramen?
Definition
Intervertebral foramen are 2 vertebral notches together
Term
typical cervical vertebra
Definition
Smaller bodies
Larger spinal canal
Transverse process
Shorter
Transverse foramen for vertebral artery
Spinous processes of C2 to C6 often bifurcated
1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are unique
Term
describe difference between atlas and axis
Definition
Atlas
ring of bone
Superior facets for occipital condyles
Provides for nodding movements (“yes)
Axis
Dens or odontoid process is body
Pivotal movements (“no”)
Term
typical thoracic vertebra
Definition
Larger and stronger bodies
Longer transverse & spinous processes
Facets or demifacets on body for head of rib
Facets on transverse processes (T1-10) for ribs
T11-T12 are floating ribs
Term
typical lumbar vertebra
Definition
Strongest & largest
Short, thick spinous & transverse processes
Back musculature
Term
characteristics of the sacrum
Definition
5 fused vertebrae (fused by age 30)
Median sacral crest with spinous processes
Sacral ala is fused transverse processes
Sacral canal ends at sacral hiatus
Auricular surface & sacral tuberosity of SI joint
Term
characteristics of the coccyx
Definition
Union of 4 vertebrae (fused by age 30)
Caudal or epidural anesthesia during delivery
Into sacral hiatus anesthetize sacral & coccygeal nerves
Sacral and coccygeal cornu are important landmarks
Term
Ribs (which ones are true, false and floating?)
Definition
1-7 are true ribs (vertebrosternal)
8-10 are false ribs (vertebrochondral)
11-12 are floating ribs
Term
parts of the sternum
Definition
Manubrium
1st and 2nd ribs
Clavicular notch
Suprasternal = jugular notch
Body
Costal cartilages of ribs 2-10
Xiphoid process
Ossifies by age 40
Term
Abnormal curvature of the spine
Definition
Scoliosis - lateral bending
Kyphosis - exaggerated thoracic curve
Lordosis - exaggerated lumbar curve
Term
characteristics of herniated disc
Definition
Protrusion of the pulpy center (nucleus pulposus)
Most common in lumbar region
Pressure on spinal nerves causes pain
Surgical removal of disc after laminectomy
Term
what makes up the pectoral girdle?
Definition
Consists of scapula and clavicle
Clavicle articulates with sternum
Sternoclavicular joint
Clavicle articulates with the scapula
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapula floats over back, held in place by muscles only
Upper limb attached to pectoral girdle at shoulder
Glenohumeral joint
Supporting users have an ad free experience!