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Exam #4
CH 24
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/17/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  • What are the functions of the Urinary System?
Definition

Kidneys work to:

  • Dispose of wastes (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) and excess ions
  • Regulate the volume and chemical makeup of blood by maintaing the proper balance of water and salts, and acid and bases

 

Term
Organs of the Urinary system
Definition

kidneys

ureters

urinary bladder

urethra

Term
* Renal Hilus
Definition
Area on the medial side where vesels, ureters, and nerves enter and leave the kidney
Term
* Renal Capsule
Definition
Tough layer of dense CT that surrounds each kidney
Term
* Adipose capsule
Definition
Just external to the renal capsul

consists of adipose tissue
Term
* Renal fascia
Definition
External to the adipose capsule
Term
* Pararenal fat
Definition
External to the renal fascia
Term

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

2 Distinct Regions

Definition
  • Cortex (sueprficial)
  • Medulla (deep)
  • Contists of masses called medullary pyramids (renal pyramids) which contain bundles of tiny urine-collecting tubules
Term

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Lobes

 

Definition
Single medullary pyramids and the tissue that surrounds them
Term

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Renal Pelvis

Definition
A tube formed from the superior part of a ureter
Term

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Calices

Definition
Branches leading into the renal pelvis that collect urine and empty into the renal pelvis
Term

Blood Supply of the Kidneys:

Renal Arteries

Definition
It is how blood is BROUGHT to the kidneys
Term

Blood Supply of the Kidneys:

Renal Veins

Definition
It is how blood LEAVES the kidneys
Term

Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Uriniferous Tubule

Definition
The main structural and functional unit of the kidney
Term

Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Each uriniferous tubule consists of 2 major parts:

 

1)Nephron

 

2)Collecting Duct (Collecting tubule)

 

Definition

1)Urinforming structure

 

2)Involved in concentrating urine by removing water

Term

Urine Production

 

The uriniferous tubule produces urine through three mechanisms:

 

Explain what each do

 

1) Filtration

 

2) Reabsorption

 

3)Secretion

Definition

1) A filtrate of the blood leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron

 

2) Most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood

-remaining wastes are added to urine

 

3) Active process in which additonal undesired molecules move into the tubule from the blood of capillaries

Term

The Nephron

 

Renal corpuscle

- It is the __ part of the nephron

-Where ____  occurs

-Consists of a ___ (a collection of capillaries) surrounded by a _____ _____

- The glomerulus vessels secrete the ____ that becomes ____

 

Definition

-1st

-filtiration

-gomerulus

-glomerular capsule

-filtrate

-urine

Term

The Nephron (cont.)

Tubular section

 

-Receives the filtrate from the ___ ____

- Composed of:

____ convoluted tubule

Loops of ___

____ convoluted tubule

-Involved with _____ and _____

 

Definition

-renal corpusucle

-proximal

-Henle

-distal

-reabsorption

-secretion

Term

Classes of Nephrons

 

1)Cortical Nephrons

 

2)Juxtamedullary nephrons

 

 

Definition

1) -85% of all nephrons

-located almost entirely in ithe cortex

 

2)-Renal corpuscles lie near the renal corpuscles linear cortex

- Have loops of henle that deeply invade the medulla

Term

Collecting Tubules

 

-Receive ___ from the nephrons

-Adjacent collecting tubules unite to form ____ ____ which empty into ____

-Cells participate in the ____ and ____ of ions

- Have an important role in conserving ____ (water)

 

Definition

-Urine

-Papillary ducts

- calices

-reabsorption, and secretion

-body fluids

 

 

 

Term

Microscopic Blood Vessels Associated with Uriniferous Tubules

 

1)Glomeruli

Produce the ___ that becomes ___

 

2)Peritubular capillaries

- Cling closely to the ___ tubules

- Adapted for ____ of ____ and ____ from the filtrate

- ____ molecules into the urine

 

 

Definition

1) -filtrate

-urine

 

2) -convulted

-absorption

-solutes

-water

-secretes

Term

Ureters

 

Slender tubes that carry urine from the ___ to the ___

 

Lined with ____ ET mucosa

Definition

-kidneys

-bladder

-transitional

Term

Urinary bladder

 

- Muscular sac that ___ and expels ___

 

Three Layers: Name them

Definition

- stores, urine

 

1) Transitional ET mucosa

 

2) thick muscular layer (smooth muscle)

 

3)Fibrous adventitia

Term

Urethra

 

-Thin-walled ___ that allows ___ to drain from the ___ out of the body

-Expulsion of urine (___) is controlled by the ___ ___ ___ (smooth muscle) and ____ ____ ___ (skeletal muscle)

Definition

- tube

-urine

-bladder

-micturition

-urethral sphincter

-external urethral sphincter

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