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1856- Henry Bessemer
- Cheaper steel=steel replaces iron |
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1765- Steam Engine
-No horse, no plant on water |
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1825- Passengers for steam engine
-Steam locomotive |
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| 1811-16- Anti-Industrialism |
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1814-1815- Set Europes path after Napoleon
-The "Big Four"- Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria
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| Who led the Congress of Vienna |
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| Restored monarchies, disbanded Napoleons army, France back to 1789 |
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| Whatever benefits most people is best |
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-Cooperation not competition, gender equality, no private property
-Charles Fourier and Robert Owen
-1820-30s- Ideal Communities |
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| -Karl Marx, Friedrich Engles |
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| Unrealistic and Inneffective |
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-Cause of all social ills
-Class struggle |
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| -Exploitation and duping of proletariat |
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| 1848- Manifesto of the Comunist Party |
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-Human history= Class struggle
-Capitolism will fail= Socialism Wins |
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1576- Martin Frobisber
-False Discovery |
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| Found Hudson Bay but never found the North West Passage |
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| -Officially Navigates North East Passage |
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| -Navigated between continents and claimed alsaska |
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-Ottoman win, but gained greece sympathy
-Gained independence in 1832 |
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- Workers riots oust 2nd republic
-election of Louis-Napoleon
-1851- Became Napoleon III |
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| Frederick William IV of Prussia |
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-Limited, ineffective reform
-Repressive Laws repealed |
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| -Proposed constitutional monarchy |
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| Who led the Frankfurt Assembly? |
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| British Reform Bill of 1832 |
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-More people get to vote
-Slavery abolished in 1833
-Worker protections
-Dissatisfacation remained
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| Starvation and Immigration |
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-Trained slaves
-Bureaucrats
-The ottoman empire circa 1450 |
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-Bored and Unhappy revolt
-2nd failure at vienna
-Territorial losses
-Sickman of Europe
-Sultanate abolished |
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-Unified people vs. Outsiders
-Foreign contact rose-confidence in ability to handle it decreased
-Series of bad harvests led to inflation, disease, unrest |
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-US allowed trade with west or else
-Westerners allowed trade
-Result: heavy inflation, cholera, humiliation |
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-Enlightened rule
-Matsuhito
-Reforms: abolished social classes, manditory education, eurostyle parliament
-Result: Agrarian state to industrial power
-Samurai lose status and fade away |
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-3 causes:
1. Economic- needed for raw materials and sales
2. Political Stresses: need to unite people at home
3. International rivalries |
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| "Survival of the Fittest" |
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-against foreign rule; ruthlessly put down
-direct control of indian government |
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-Russia by 1860s- Central Asia
-Russia vs. Britain
-French Indocnina: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos |
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| -China limited access only hard currency, only in one city, only with government firms |
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| -British solution: Import opium |
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| -Sponsored "War on Opium" |
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| -Anti-Foreign War, British Dominate |
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| -unequal treaties=reduce power |
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Taiping Rebellion 1850-64
-Hong Xiuquan |
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| -failed scholar-nervous breakdown- "Jesus'younger brother"- "Heavenly Kingdom" |
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-Emporer replaced by his aunt Cixi
-Modernists scholars vs. Traditionalists |
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-Society of righteous and harmonious fists
-Foreign powers put it down |
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| -Sent letters to the US about "the dark continent" with his findings |
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| -Wrote a book about the search for David Livingston |
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| King Leopold II of Belgium |
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-Congo free state
-Primary goal: $$$ from rubber
-Horrendously cruel conditions
-Belgian parliament took control |
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-Dutch Farmers
-Leave british territory- discovery of diamonds and gold
-War: British win, ruthless retalliation
-Whites get priviledged status |
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| -Set "ground rules" for african land grab |
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-World: stay out of the americas
-Purchase: Alaska from Russia(Sewards Folly) |
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-Planters overthrow royal family
-Us ANNEX islands |
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-Excuse for war: USS Maine sinking
-US defeated Spain and gained Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and Buys Philipines |
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| -US will intervene if economic interests are threatened in west |
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| -US helps rebels create panama for right to build and own canal |
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-Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau
-Race defines intelligence |
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-New Birth Control=Condoms
-Made of animals intestines and linen=Latex |
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-Population centers=New problems
-Heavy population, awful/crowded living conditions, diseases
-Bad conditions=Improvement: water quality improved, sewage systems, building codes
-Migration to america: from North and West Europe, then East and South Europe |
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