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Exam 6
Review
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/02/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Valves in the capillaries slow blood down enough for diffusion to take place efficiently.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Arteries
-may have valves
-are normally found superficial to veins and can often be palpated
-may spurt when cut
Definition
may spurt when cut
Term
The largest pressure drop occurs in the changeover from capillaries to venules. This reduction in the flow is necessary for gas and nutrient exchange to occur.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Blood pressure and blood flow to specific organs is primarily determined at the level of the arterioles.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Varicose veins are (generally speaking) caused by a problem with the
-plaques that build up on the walls of the veins
-muscles surrounding the veins
-arteries that supply the veins with O2
-oxygenation level of the blood travelling through the veins
-valves in the veins
Definition
valves in the veins
Term
When we're at rest, most of our blood may be found:
-in the systemic arteries and arteriole
-in the pulmonary circuit
-in the capillaries
-in the veins of the abdominal organs and the skin
Definition
in the veins of the abdominal organs and the skin
Term
When you take a patient's blood pressure, you're actually measuring
-her capillary hydrostatic pressure
-her venous pressure
-her systemic arterial pressure
-the pressure in the superficial vascular plexus
-all of the above - they're all in a circuit together and so will have the same pressure
Definition
her systemic arterial pressure
Term
Blood flows from low pressure to high pressure, which is why we bleed more when we're cut at higher altitudes.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
The velocity of blood flow is inversely proportional to the total cross-sectional area.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Hypoxia and nitric oxide are vasoconstricting in influences.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following factors contribute to vasoconstriction/vasodilation?
-the nervous system
-local O2 and CO2 levels
-the endocrine system
-all of the above
Definition
all of the above
Term
Fluid doesn't leak out of arterioles because the blood is traveling too fast for leakage to occur.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following areas of your body would you expect to be the most highly vascularized?
-your fingertip
-the skin over the orbital ridge
-your heart
-your knee joint
-your calf muscle
Definition
your heart
Term
Precapillary sphincters
-may divert blood
-are found in abundance in the epithelium
-reverse the flow of blood
-all of the above
Definition
may divert blood
Term
Vasodilation/vasoconstriction of precapillary sphincters may
-aid in thermoregulation
-provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries
-provide a reservoir of blood that pools and remains still in the abdominal organs
-aid in thermoregulation AND provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries
-all of the above
Definition
aid in thermoregulation AND provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries
Term
The respiratory pump helps return blood to the heart by increasing thoracic pressure and decreasing abdominal pressure. This serves to sort of suck the blood upwards.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
What do the large veins (like those in the legs and arms) and the lymphatic system not share in common?
-valves
-the movement of fluid via the respiratory pump
-the direction of fluid movement
-the presence of leucocytes
-the presence of erythrocytes
Definition
the presence of erythrocytes
Term
Blood flow is affected by sources of resistance. Which of the following sources of resistance is most easily and readily controlled to influence flow?
-blood viscosity
-blood vessel length
-blood vessel diameter
Definition
blood vessel diameter
Term
Adequate venous return may be achieved by raising the systemic blood pressure via arteriolar vasoconstriction.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
At the venous end of capillaries, the blood colloid osmotic pressure is a force pulling fluid into the capillary lumen.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Blood flow is slowest:
-at the narrowing of arteries to arterioles
-at the vena cava
-in the capillary beds
Definition
in the capillary beds
Term
Because the metabolic activity (esp. in the heart and skeletal muscle) can vary greatly, extrinsic factors will always trump the tone set by the intrinsic factors.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
How does increased sympathetic activity help raise our blood pressure?
-increased end systolic volume
-increased epi/norepi secretion from the medulla oblongata
-increased cardiac rate
-decreased stroke volume
-all of the above
Definition
increased cardiac rate
Term
Angiotensin II
-stimulates thirst
-causes the release of ADH and aldosterone
-requires activation in pulmonary capillaries
-all of the above
Definition
all of the above
Term
When the net filtration pressure in the capillary is negative, water will move
-into the capillary
-out of the capillary
-nowhere. it'll tay inside the capillary
Definition
into the capillary
Term
Lymphatic vessels carry lymphatic fluid from the subclavian veins, through lymph nodes to the interstitium around capillary beds.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
The right leg is drained by the
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct
Definition
thoracic duct
Term
The conducting division of the respiratory system ends at the level of
-the top of the trachea
-the end of the teritiary bronchii
-the first alveolus
-the laryngopharynx
-the last cartilaginous plate
Definition
the first alveolus
Term
The mucociliary escalator
-may be diabled by cigarette smoking
-involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus
-involves the beating of particulate matter down into the lower respiratory tract where alveolar macrophages clean up the debris
-may be disabled by cigarette smoking AND involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus
-all of the above
Definition
may be disabled by cigarette smoking AND involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus
Term
Cilia are present in the alveoli in order to keep the alveolar membrane as clean as possible for efficient gas diffusion.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Surfactant
-is released by Type II alveolar epithelial cells
-interferes with hydrogen bonds
-reduces surface tension in the alveoli
-all of the above
Definition
all of the above
Term
When you increase the volume of the thorax, the pressure inside will
-increase
-decrease
-stay the same
Definition
decrease
Term
Gases diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
In terms of gas transport, reactions that occur in the systemic circuit favor the movement of CO2 into the blood.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Hemoglobin
-binds to O2
-binds to CO2
-binds to H+
-all of the above
Definition
all of the above
Term
The chloride shift at the level of the tissues involves the shifting of chloride
-from the RBC into the plasma
-from the plasma into the RBC
-from the plasma into the interstitium
-from bicarbonate to carbonic acid
-from carbonic acid to bicarbonate
Definition
from the plasma into the RBC
Term
The blood entering the pulmonary capillary beds is
-oxygenated
-deoxygenated
Definition
deoxygenated
Term
Tracheal cartilage
-forms an incomplete ring
-is made of elastic cartilage to provide the stretch and recoil necessary to accomodate air flow
-is highly vascular
-all of the above
Definition
forms and incomplete ring
Term
The cardiac notch is found in which lung lobe?
-right superior
-right middle
-right inferior
-left inferior
-left superior
Definition
left superior
Term
Surfactant
-is released by the hypothalmus and acts on the alveolar type II cells
-reduces surface tension in the alveoli
-strengthens hydrogen bonding to ensure proper coating of the alveoli by water
-clinically, is most likely to cause a problem in early adulthood secondary to swimming in chlorinated pools with poor ventilation
-all of the above
Definition
reduces surface tension in the alveoli
Term
The ______ provides circulatory support to the walls of larger vessels
Definition
vasa vasorum
Term
When blood pressure and volume increase to the level that homeostasis is disturbed, the heart may release _____ to restore homeostasis.
Definition
natryuretic peptide
Term
Name one avascular tissue
Definition
cornea
Term
what is the specific name of the membrane fused to the surface of the lung?
Definition
visceral pleura
Term
where does cellular respiration take place? name one product of cellular respiration.
Definition
mitochondria
ATP
Term
Lymph nodes are full of what specific type of cell?
Definition
lymphocytes are primary cells
Term
name the smallest subdivision of the lungs.
Definition
lobules
Term
the diaphragm is primarily innervated by what nerve?
Definition
phrenic
Term
Name the 2 primary muscles of inspiration.
Definition
diaphragm, external intercostal
Term
name the primary muscle of forced exhalation.
Definition
internal intercostal
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