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Exam 6 P 5
Reproductive system
66
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/27/2010

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Cards

Term
When do symptoms of PMS usually begin?
Definition
5-11 days before the start of mentruation
Term
Symptoms of PMS usually stop when what begins?
Definition
Menstruation
Term
what is the cause of PMS?
Definition
No cause has been identified
Term
What percentage of women are affected durin their childbearing years?
Definition
75%
Term
Dysmenorrhea may be related to what hormone?
Definition
prostaglandin
Term
Primary dysmenorrhea occurs in what type of women?
Definition
healthy
Term
primary dysmenorrhea is NOT related to what...
Definition
specific problems with uterus or other pelvic organs
Term
Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by an underlying disease or structural abnormality either ______ or _____ uterus
Definition
within, outside
Term
What is genetic sex determined by ______ ______ each gamete contains
Definition
sex chromosomes
Term
A single gene on the Y chromosome named the ______ gene starts teste development and determines maleness
Definition
SRY
Term
What enlarges to form the penis?
Definition
genital tubercle
Term
The urethral groove ______ and closes competely
Definition
elongates
Term
What gives rise to the penile urethra?
Definition
Urethral folds
Term
What develops into the scrotum?
Definition
labioscrotal
Term
In females Genital tubercle gives rise to...
Definition
clitoris
Term
The urethral groove in females remains..
Definition
open as the vestibule
Term
In females, urethral folds give rise to
Definition
labia minora
Term
The labioscrotal becomes..
Definition
labia majora
Term
About two months before birth the testes leave the ______ _____ and enter the scrotum
Definition
pelvic cavity
Term
Fibrous cord that extends from the _____ to the _____
Definition
testes, scrotum
Term
Ovaries also do descend but are stopped at the pelvic brim by...
Definition
broad ligament
Term
Secondary characteristics appear during...
Definition
puberty
Term
List some example of secondary charateristics for males and females
Definition
Term
What two things cease entirely when you get to menopause?
Definition
ovullation and menses
Term
Without ______ reproductive organs and breasts atrophy
Definition
estrogen
Term
Describes what occurs in women when they go through menopause
Definition
Gradual thinning of the skin, bone loss, skin blood vessels go through vasodialtion,irritabilty and depression
Term
Pregnancy
Definition
events that occur from fertilization until the infant
Term
conceptus
Definition
the developing offspring
Term
Gestation period
Definition
from the last menstral period until birth
Term
Preembryo is from
Definition
fertilization to 2nd week
Term
Embryo is from
Definition
week 3 to 8
Term
fetus is from
Definition
week 9 till birth
Term
How long is oocyte viable for?
Definition
12-24 hours
Term
How long is sperm viable for?
Definition
24-72
Term
For fertilization to occur , you must have sex no more than
Definition
three days before ovulation and 24 after
Term
Sperm must undergo what before they can penetrate oocyte
Definition
capacitation
Term
What two things is an ovulated oocyte encapuslated by?
Definition
corona radiata and the zona pellucida and extracellular matrix
Term
Sperm bind to what on the oocyte?
Definition
Zona Pellucida
Term
Acrosomes release their enzymes to...
Definition
digest the zona pellucida
Term
Upon entry of the sperm what is finally completed?
Definition
meiosis 2
Term
When fully swollen, the nuclei of the sperm and oocyte are called
Definition
pronuclei
Term
When the pronuclei come together what occurs?
Definition
fertilization
Term
Morula is how old and has roughly how many cells?
Definition
72 hours and has 16 cells
Term
What does a blastocyte composed of?
Definition
single layer made of trophblast and inner cell mass
Term
What does trophoblast in the blastocyte take part in?
Definition
placenta formation
Term
The inner cell mass in the blastocyte eventually becomes the ______ ______
Definition
embryonic disc
Term
What begins after 6-7 days after ovulation?
Definition
implantation
Term
implantation begins when the trophoblasts adhere to a ____ ______ ______
Definition
properly prepared endometrium
Term
After the trophoblasts adhere to the endometrium they form 2 distinct layers which are
Definition
cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
Term
The implanted blastocyte is covered by ___ ___
Definition
endometrial cells
Term
Implantation is complete by the __ day
Definition
14th
Term
The trophoblasts secrete ___
Definition
hCg
Term
What does hCg do?
Definition
Makes sure that corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen
Term
Chorion developed from what after implantation?
Definition
Trophoblasts
Term
Chorion is much like the hCg and continues _____ _____
Definition
hormonal stimulus
Term
What two tissue form the placenta?
Definition
embryonic trophoblastic and maternal endometrial tissues
Term
Embryonic placental barriers include what two things?
Definition
chorionic villi and the endothelium of embryonic capillaries
Term
Effects of pregnancy
Definition
the vagina develops a purplish hue (Chadwicks sign), breast enlarge areola darkens, uterus expands
Term
Effects of pregnancy part two
Definition
lordosis is a curve in lumbar spine due to chnage of body center of gravity
Term
Relaxin does what when it comes to pregnancy
Definition
relaxes pubic symphisis and pelvis ligaments
Term
Embryonic membranes: Yolk sac forms part of what
Definition
digestive tube
Term
Embryonic membranes: Yolk sac produces what two things?
Definition
earliest blood cells and vessels
Term
Embryonic membranes: Yolk sac is the source of primordial ____ ____
Definition
germ cells
Term
Embryonic membranes: alatois is a..
Definition
small outpocketing at the caudal end of the yolk sac
Term
What is the structural base for the umbilical cord?
Definition
allantois
Term
The allantois becomes part of the ____ ___
Definition
urinary bladder
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