Term
| What is the etiology behind Feline Viral Upper Resp Infection? |
|
Definition
-FeHV
-FCV
-Chlamydophila felis
-B. bronchiseptica |
|
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Term
| What are some risk factors for feline viral upper resp infection? |
|
Definition
-young, unvaccinated cats
-mlticat household: densely populated environement, new cat household
-stress: FeHV
-FeLV or FIV |
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Term
|
Definition
-conjunctivitis
-rhinitis
-nasal discharge
-ulcerative keratitis
-fever
-anorexia
-general malaise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-oral ulceration
-rhintiis
-nasal discharge
-fever
-anorexia
-lameness |
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Term
| Describe the pathology of feline viral upper resp infection. |
|
Definition
-conjuncival, nasal, oral secretions
-incubation: 2-6d
-acute infections may become subclinical chronic shedders
-FeHV: latent infection in trigeminal n => recrudescence w/ stress |
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Term
| HOw do we diagnose feline viral upper resp infection? |
|
Definition
-CS
-viral isolation or PCR
- |
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Term
| When should we get thoracic rads w/ feline viral upper resp infection? |
|
Definition
-dyspnea or hypoxemia
-adventitial lung sounds
-prolonged dz > 2w |
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Term
| How do we treat feline viral upper resp infection? |
|
Definition
-supportive
-anorexia: good food + appetite stimulants (mirtazapine) + feeding tube
-fluids
-secondary infections: Doxy, Amox, Axithro
-antivirals: topical idoxiduridine or cidofovir
-L-lysine: for recurrent cats |
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Term
| Are cats or dogs more commonly affected by lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-dogs
-Dachshunds & whippets |
|
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Term
| What are the CS of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-sneezing
-nasal discharge |
|
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Term
| How do we diagnose lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-dx of exclusion
-nasal CT: nasal secretion accumulation
-rhinoscopy & biopsy: erhythematous, cobblestone, friable, secretion accumulation w/ lymphoplasmacytic inflamm |
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Term
| How do we treat lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-secondary infection: abx
-corticosteroids
-rarely add other immunomodulatory drugs |
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Term
| What is the etiology behind fungal rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-Aspergillus fumigatus >>> Penicillium sp
-Crypto neoformans |
|
|
Term
| What is the signalment behind the etiologies of fungal rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-A. fumigats: long-nosed dogs, GSD & labs, young
-Crypto: cats |
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|
Term
| What are the CS of fungal rhinitis? |
|
Definition
-nasal discharge
-epistaxis
-sneezing
-NASAL DEPIGMENTATION
-nasal pain
-nasal conformation change
-systemic illness |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose nasal fungal rhinitis due to aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
-organism in nasal biopsy
-CT appearance + pos titer
-positive culture + pos titer |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose nasal fungal rhinitis due to crypto? |
|
Definition
-organism in biopsy or nasal discharge
-latect crypto agglutination test |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on nasal CT w/ nasal fungal rhintis? |
|
Definition
-turbinate & paranasal bone destruction
-nasal secretion accumulation
-fungal plaques
-cribiform integrity |
|
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Term
| HOw do we treat nasal aspergillosis or penicilliosis? |
|
Definition
-local antifungal
+/- oral itraconazole or terbinafine |
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|
Term
| How do we treat nasal cryptococcosis? |
|
Definition
-fluconazole: cheapest option
-itraconazole
-tx for 1m past resolution & LCAT < 1.0 |
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|
Term
| What is the frequency of nasal neoplasia as compared to other respiratory cancers? What kinds? |
|
Definition
-60-80% of nasal neoplasia
-epi > mesenchymal or round cell
-most are malignant |
|
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Term
| What nasal neoplasias are most common in the cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of nasal neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-nasal discarge + other nasal CS
-nasal obstruction
-exophthalmia
-nasal conformation change |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose nasal neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-nasal CT: mass, paranasal bone destruction
-nasal biopsy & histopath |
|
|
Term
| How do we stage nasal neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-aspirate & cytology of local LN
-3 view thoracic rads |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat nasal lymphoma? |
|
Definition
-multiagent chemo
-external beam radiation
-rhinotomy/debulk |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of nasopharyngeal polyps? What causes them? |
|
Definition
-young cats
-response to inflam dz: FHV or calicivirus |
|
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Term
| From where do nasopharyngeal polyps originate? |
|
Definition
| -originate from epi in middle ear => grow into ear canal OR through eustachian tube into nasopharynx |
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Term
| What are the CS of a nasopharyngeal polyp? |
|
Definition
-open mouth breathing
-dyspnea
-stertor
-dysphagia
-nasal discharge
-sneezing
-horner's syndrome
-peripheral vestibular signs |
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|
Term
| How do we diagnose nasopharyngeal polyps? |
|
Definition
-direct exam: smooth pink mass
-spay hook and mirror
-endoscope |
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Term
| How do we treat nasopharyngeal polyps? |
|
Definition
-manual retraction
-oral pred
-ventral bull osteotomy if they recur |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sequelae of nasopharyngeal polyps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recurrence rate of nasopharyngeal polyps? |
|
Definition
-about 50%
-aural >>> nasopharyngeal polyps |
|
|
Term
| What complications commonly occur w/ ventral bull osteotomy to tx recurrent nasopharyngeal polyps? |
|
Definition
-horner's, facial n paralysis, peripheral vestibular signs
-complications resolve in 2-6w |
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