Term
| What would be the difference b/n nasal discharge due to sinusitis & GP empyema? |
|
Definition
-Sinusitis: unilateral or bilateral
-GP empyema: bilateral |
|
|
Term
| What are some common etiologies that cause epistaxis? |
|
Definition
-skull fracture
-ethmoid hematoma
-nasal fungal granuloma |
|
|
Term
| What are some common etiologies that cause facial deformity? |
|
Definition
-sinusitis
-skull fracture
-sinus cyst
-neoplasm
-ethmoid hematoma |
|
|
Term
| What are some common etiologies that cause a fistulous tract? |
|
Definition
-sinusitis
-skull fracture |
|
|
Term
| What common etiologies cause malodorous breath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sinuses do we percuss on PE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which etiologies indicate sinucentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which etiologies indicate biopsy? |
|
Definition
-neoplasm
-ethmoid hematoma
-nasal fungal granuloma |
|
|
Term
| Which etiologies indicate CT? |
|
Definition
-sinusitis
-skull fracture
-sinus cyst
-neoplasm
-nasal septum
-ethmoid hematoma |
|
|
Term
| What CS do we see w/ sinusitis? |
|
Definition
-mucopurulent nasal discharge: usually unilateral
+/- favial swelling over maxillary/frontal sinus
+/-malodorous breath
+/-fistulous tract |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common etiology behind primary sinusitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat primary sinusitis? |
|
Definition
-parenteral abx
-sinus trephination & lavage |
|
|
Term
| What lavage soln do we use for primary sinusitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common etiologies behind secondary sinusitis? |
|
Definition
-tooth problem
-skull fracture |
|
|
Term
| What diagnostics do we run on secondary sinusitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat secndary sinusitis due to an abscess tooth? |
|
Definition
| tooth excretion (repulsion) |
|
|
Term
| What are the etiologies behind skull fractures? |
|
Definition
| -horse running into staitonnary object |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of skull fractures? |
|
Definition
-epistaxiz
-facial depression
-SQ emphysema |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat skull fractures? |
|
Definition
| -replacement of depressed fragments |
|
|
Term
| What etiology is behind frontomaxillary sinus cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we see on rads w/ frontomaxillary sinus cyst? |
|
Definition
| -soft tissue density in sinuses |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on sinucentesis w/ frontomaxillary sinus cyst? |
|
Definition
-amber-mucinous fluid
-usually non-septic |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat a frontomaxillary sinus cyst? |
|
Definition
| -extirpation: frontomaxillary bone flap |
|
|
Term
| What is the other name for epidermal inclusion cyst? What is it? |
|
Definition
-atheroma
-located in nasal diverticulum of nostril |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose epidermal inclusion cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat epidermal inclusion cyst? |
|
Definition
| -surgical extirpation using local anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| What is the doctor way to say deviation of the premaxilla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose diviation of the premaxilla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat wry nose? |
|
Definition
| -difficult sx reconstruction |
|
|
Term
| What causes nasal septum thickening/deviation? |
|
Definition
-trauma
-neoplasia
-chronic inflammation
-congenital |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of nasal septum thickening/deviation? |
|
Definition
-resp stridor
-exercise intolerance
-dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose nasal septum thickening/deviations? |
|
Definition
-narrowed nasal passage
-difficulty or unagle to pass endoscope***
-rads |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat nasal septum thickening/deviation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes ethmoid hematomas? |
|
Definition
-unknown
-benign expansile hematogenous mass of ethmoid origin |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of ethmoid hematomas? |
|
Definition
-older horses
-Arabians & TB's |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of ethmoid hematoma? |
|
Definition
-epistaxis
-stridor
-dyspnea
-favial bone distortion |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose an ethmoid hematoma? |
|
Definition
-nasal endoscopy
-rads or CT |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat ethmoid hematomas? |
|
Definition
-extirpation via frontomaxillary sinusotomy
-others: formalin injection, laser ablation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the epidemiology of neuro equine herpes. |
|
Definition
-majority of hroses been exposed
-most horses infected bia resp rt in first year of life
-majority of horses remain latently infected for life |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophys of neuro equine herpes. |
|
Definition
-incubation period: 2-10d
-cliical dz resolve in 1-2w & immunity lasts 4m |
|
|
Term
| Describe the seasonality of equine herpes. |
|
Definition
| -late winter, spring, early summer |
|
|
