Term
| Which dogs are affected by elvow dysplasia? |
|
Definition
-large and giant breeds
-rapidly growing dogs |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of forelimb lameness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical presentation of elbow dysplasia? |
|
Definition
-persisten lameness
-lameness can be gradual and progressive
-clinical signs can begin as young as 4m |
|
|
Term
| What larger disease category includes medial compartment disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
| -fragmented medial coronoid process |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-growth incongruency elads to abnormal stress in the joint
-pressure placed on the medial coronoid of the ulna
-ends in OA |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-large breed dogs: Bernese mtn dogs esp
-Male > female
-6-18m
-mostly bilateral: 35-80% |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on physical exam with medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-lameness with ambulation
-dec ROM of elvow jt (early = pan & late = fibrosis)
-pain: direct palpation, ROM
-joint effusion (minimal)
-muscle atrophy |
|
|
Term
| What are our major differentials for medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-ununited anconeal process
-OC
-OCD
-panosteitis |
|
|
Term
| What diagnostics do we run on medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What rads do we take for medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
| -lateral, AP, flexed lateral, Crlat-Cdmed obliqeu |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on rads with medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-osteophytes in flexed lateral
-effusion
-subtrochlear sclerosis
-joint incongruity |
|
|
Term
| Which imaging modality is most sensitive for diagnosing medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is medical or surgical management our first choice for medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we surgically treat medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-ID cartilage lesions
-remove fragments
-debride fragment bed to bleeding cubchondral bone
-synovectomy to reduce inflammation |
|
|
Term
| If surgery is the gold standard for treating medial coronoid disease, when would we ever use medical? |
|
Definition
-financial constraints
-cronic, end-stage dz |
|
|
Term
| Which surgical procedure is the gold standard for medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages to medial arthrotomy for treating medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-limited view
0inc post op morbidity
-numerous vital structures |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of arthroscopy to treat medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-minimally invasive
-excellent view
-ID early cartilage changes
-early return to function |
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages to using arthroscopy to treat medial coronoid disease? |
|
Definition
-higher cost
-learning curve |
|
|
Term
| What is osteochondrosis a part of? What is it? |
|
Definition
-part of medial compartment disease
-defect of normal endochondral ossification |
|
|
Term
| Failure of cartilage to ossify with OC results in what? |
|
Definition
| -thickened cartilage => poor cartilage nutrition => inc susceptibility to mechanical trauma => cartilage fissuring and flap formation => synovial inflammation => pain |
|
|
Term
| What is osteochondritis dissecans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of osteochondrosis? |
|
Definition
-juvenile large/giant breed dogs
-largest puppy in the litter, rapid growth
-more common at 5-10m |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of OC? |
|
Definition
-variable lameness
-pain with ROM
-dec ROM
-variable muscle atrophy
-often bilateral
-effusion |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location of OC in the dog? What are the other locations? |
|
Definition
-shoulder
-can also present in the shoulder, stifle, hock |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on rads with OC? |
|
Definition
-divot of bone on medial aspect of humeral condyle
-OA
-free-flap
+/- other components of elbow dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| What are the goals of treating OC? |
|
Definition
-remove cartilage flap
-curettage/debridement of subchondral bone
-fibrocartilage repai |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an united anconeal process (UAP)? |
|
Definition
| -anconeal process of the ulna does not form a bony union with the proximal ulnar metaphysis |
|
|
Term
| When does normal fusion of the anconeal process occur? |
|
Definition
-4-5m
-thus dz manifests clinically 5-12m |
|
|
Term
| What is etiology of ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-a manifestation of OC
-hereditary
-environmental
-hormonal
-joint incongruity |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-large and giant breed dogs: GSD!!!
-male > female |
|
|
Term
| What diseases are seen concurrently with ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which rads do we use for an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-AP, lateral
-flexed lateral!! |
|
|
Term
| What do we look for on rads with an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-osteophytes
-effusion
-anconeal process fragment
-joint incongruity |
|
|
Term
| What is the medical treatment for an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-financial constraints
-chronic, end-stage disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the surgical treatment for an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-gold standard!!!
-early dz: primary repair
-chronic dz: excision of anconeal process |
|
|
Term
| What are our options for surgically treated an ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-ulnar osteotomy: remove stress, allow possible fusion of AP
-lag screw fixation of AP
-combo of the aboce |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we treat chronic ununited anconeal process? |
|
Definition
-excision of anconeal process fragment
-50% fre of lameness
-salvage tecnhique |
|
|
Term
| What is elbow incongruity? |
|
Definition
-asynchronous growth of the radius and ulna
-commonly associated w/ elbow dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat elbow incongruity? |
|
Definition
-corrective ulnar ostectomy: short radius syndrome
-corrective ulnar osteotomy |
|
|
Term
| What is the main principle behind treating elbow incongruity? |
|
Definition
| -allows for bone alignment at the levels of the joint (dec stress placed on joint) |
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