Term
| Describe the epidemiology of fat cow syndrome. |
|
Definition
-early postpartum period
-negative energy balance
-concomitant diseases |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical history of fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-not doing well since calving
-poor response to therapy for common diseases
-weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-depression
-anorexia
-weakness
-hgih body condition |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic pathophysiology of fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
| -negative energy balance elads to inc fat mobilizaiton |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to diagnose fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we see on labs with fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-inc NEFAs
-dec Triglycerides & glucose
-inc liver enzymes
-ketonemia |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-treat primary disease
-fix neg E balance: IV glucose, insulin, transfaunation/food |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis for fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-guarded
-mortality approx 25% |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on necropsy of fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-enlarged pale yellow liver with rounded edges
-friable & greasy |
|
|
Term
| What are some prevention methods to avoid fat cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-high protein in dry period
-BCS of 3.5 at dry-off
-good breeding program
-match E level to milk pdn |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology protein-energy malnutrition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which cows is protein-energy malnutrition most common? |
|
Definition
| -growing late regnant beef heifer |
|
|
Term
| What is the seasonality of protein-energy malnutrition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of protein-energy malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-thin, long hair coat
-weight loss: with pot belly
-also: weakness, hypothermic
-most die 7-14d after becoming recumbent |
|
|
Term
| What are the main differentials for energy-protein malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-poor dentition
-parasites
-rumen or abomasal impaction
-musculoskeletal diseases |
|
|
Term
| How do we make an antemortem diagnosis of energy-protein malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-RULE OUT OTHER CAUSES!!!
-clinical signs + environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
| How do we make a postmortem diagnosis of energy-protein malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-small liver = chronic
-fatty yellow liver = acute
-serous atrophy of fat |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat energy-protein malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-propylene glycol
-good quality feed
-treat concurrent diseases |
|
|
Term
| What are some methods of preventing energy-protein malnutrition? |
|
Definition
-BCS of 5-7 entering 3rd trimester
-diet: good quality forage + corn
-early weaning
-adequate bunk space
-protection from inclement weather
-cull on bad teeth |
|
|
Term
| Which animals most commonly get pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the other names for pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-twin lamb disease
-pregnancy ketosis
-lambing or kidding sickness/paralysis/ketosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
| -negative energy balance in pregnant animal |
|
|
Term
| When during pregnancy do the clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia show up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some predisposing factors to pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-improper feedstufs or not eating
-stressors
-concurrent dz: parasites or pneumonia
-confinement |
|
|
Term
| What are the inherent animal related risks of pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-late-gestation ahs inc nutritional demands
-inc fecundity
-poor BCS
-inc parity |
|
|
Term
| What are the initial clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-lag behind
-stiff walk
-don't eat
-others: isolated, fail to flee, depression |
|
|
Term
| What are the intermediate clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-staggering gait => recumbency
-also: blindness, bruxism, ketone breath, tachypnea, constiplation, dec rumen contractions |
|
|
Term
| What are the late term clinical signs of preganncy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-severe depression or comatose
-unable to rise
-rumen atony
-dehydration
-star-gazing
-muscle fasciculations
-death wihtin 3-4 days |
|
|
Term
| What clinical observations do we see with pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-dystocias
-poor mammary development
-may die secondary to renal failure
-kid/lamb survival dec |
|
|
Term
| What are the major differentials for pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-hypocalcemia
-hypomagensemia
-polioencephalomalacia |
|
|
Term
| What diagnostic tests do we use for pregnancy toxemia cases? |
|
Definition
-urine dipstick to confirm ketonuria
-confirm pregnancy
-also: blood glucose, CBC, serum chem |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we treat pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-treat ketosis: IV fluids w/ dextrose5% OR regular insulin IV
-feed: buffet, transfaunation, drench, B-vitamins
-Abortion or C-section
-treat concurrent diseases |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat pregnancy toxemia if the baby is valuable? |
|
Definition
-induce parturition <5-7 days from due date
-Doe: PGF2a, Dex
-Ewe: Dex |
|
|
Term
| How soon after administration of PGF2a or Dex will a doe kid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How soon after admin of Dex will a ewe lamb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some prevention methods to avoid pregnancy toxemia? |
|
Definition
-good nutrition in late gestation
-U/S preg check
-monitor late pregnant w/ ketostix
-parasite control!!! |
|
|
Term
| What are the other names for Downer Cow Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| -compartmental or crush syndrome |
|
|
Term
| In which cows is downer cow syndrome most common> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by downer cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of downer cow syndrome? (5 M's) |
|
Definition
1. metabolic dz
2. metritis
3. mastitis
4. musculoskeletal/neuro injury
5. massive peritonitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of downer cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-alert downer cow maintains appetite
-struggling to rise or pain repsonse
-urine scalding
-decubital ulcers
+/- mastitis |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on clinpath of downer cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is AST or CPK a more sensitive indicator of myonecrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Will AST or CPK show changes more quickly? |
|
Definition
-CPK, shorter half life
-AST not until a week later |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathophysiology of downer cow syndrome? |
|
Definition
-ischemic myonecrosis, triceps, tibilais, biceps femoris
-ischemic neuropraxia: radial, peroneal, sciatic |
|
|
Term
| What can aggravate downer cow? |
|
Definition
-heavy cow
-duration of recumbency > 4-5 days |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat downer cow? |
|
Definition
-treat underlying disorder
-supportive care: fluids, NSAIDs, Vit E/C, good bedding, hobbles, frequent rolling, float tank
-euthanasia |
|
|
