Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 4
Joint Disorders
66
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/29/2016

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the typical signalment of congenital shoulder luxation?
Definition
-young
-small or mini breeds
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with congenital shoulder luxation?
Definition
-subtle, chronic lameness
Term
What two disease processes can congenital shoulder luxation be associated with?
Definition
-ligamentous laxity
-glenoid dysplasia
Term
How do we treat congenital shoulder luxation?
Definition
-surgical augmentation of MCL
-excision arthroplasty: if glenoid dysplasia is present
Term
Is congenital or acquired shoulder luxation more common?
Definition
-congenital
Term
What is the typical cause of acquired shoulder luxation?
Definition
-trauma
Term
Is medial or lateral acquired shoulder luxation more common?
Definition
-medial
Term
How do we diagnose acquired shoulder luxation?
Definition
-palpation of the acromion of sapula and greater tubercle of humerus
Term
What are the treatment options for acquired shoulder luxation?
Definition
-closed reduction
-surgical stabilization
Term
Describe closed reduction of an acquired shoulder luxation.
Definition
-bandage palced for 2w
-exercise restriction for additional 2w
Term
Which sling do we use for closed reduction of a medial acquired shoulder luxation?
Definition
-Velpeau sling
Term
Which sling do we use for closed reduction of a lateral acquired shoulder luxation?
Definition
-neutral sling
Term
Describe the surgical options for treating an acquired shoulder luxation.
Definition
-MCL repair
-salvage procedures: arthrodesis or glenoid excision
Term
What is bicipital tendonopathy?
Definition
-inflammaiton of the biceps brachii tendon (originates from the supraglenoid tubercle)
Term
Which breeds of dogs are predisposed to bicipital tendonopathy?
Definition
-medium to large breeds
Term
What are the clinical signs of bicipital tendonopathy?
Definition
-intermittent to progressively lame: often subtly but worsens with exercise
-extreme shoulder pain with rOM
-point tnderness on direct palpation: extreme pain
Term
How do we diagnose bicipital tendonopathy on rads?
Definition
-may visualize minerlaization in the biceps groobe in skyline view
Term
How do we distinguish supraspinatus tendinopathy and bicipital tendonopathy?
Definition
--rads
Term
How do we treat bicipital tendonopathy?
Definition
-biceps tendonectomy
0steroid injections
Term
What is the most common cause of elbow luxation?
Definition
-trauma
Term
Do the radius and ulna luxate medially or laterally with elbow luxation? Why?
Definition
-laterally
-large medial condyle of humerus prevents medial luxation
Term
What do we see clinically with elbow luxation?
Definition
-unable to bear weight
-forelimb abducted and externally rotated
Term
How do we diagnose elbow luxation?
Definition
-palpation of limb: resist extension, prominent radial head
-rads: best seen on AP view
Term
What are our treatment options for elbow luxation?
Definition
-closed reduction
-surgical repair of MCL/LCL
-limb immobilizaiton
Term
Describe closed reduction of an elbow luxation.
Definition
-general anesthesia: brachial plexus block
-know where the anconeal process is in relation to humeral condyles
-flex elbow hundred degrees and internally rotate
-anconeal process should hook over lateral condyle
0extend elvow slightly
-adduct and inwardly rotate antebrachium while placing pressure medially on the radial head
-immobilization x 2-3 weeks
Term
How do treat a congenital elbow luxation if it is reducible?
Definition
-palce transarticular pin
Term
How do we treat a congenital elbow luxation if it is non-reducible?
Definition
-arthrodesis when older
Term
How are carpal luxations frequently associated with the radiocarpal joint?
Definition
-loss of palmar ligamentous support
-can involve any carpal joint
Term
How do we treat carpal luxation?
Definition
-arthrodesis
Term
What causes carpal hyperextesion?
Definition
-due to fall or hyperextension injury
-palmar fibrocartilage and ligaments torn
Term
What do we see clinically with carpal hyperextension?
Definition
-non-weightbearing lameness
-stand with carpus hyperextended
Term
How do we diagnose carpal hyperextension?
Definition
-clinical exam
-rads: perform stress views to assess collaterals
Term
How do we treat carpal hyperextnesion?
Definition
-s;linting: does not work
-surgical: arthrodesis
Term
What is the most common joint luxation in the dog?
Definition
-hip luxation
Term
Hip luxation results from failure or tear of what?
Definition
-joint capsule
-round ligaments
Term
What are the two types of hip luxations? Whch is more common?
Definition
-Craniodorsal: most common
-Caudoventral
Term
What typically causes craniodorsal hip luxation?
Definition
-HBC, blunt trauma
Term
What typically causes caudoventral hip luxation?
Definition
-fall with abduction
Term
What do we see clinically with hip luxation?
Definition
-crepitus/pain with ROM
-limb is shortened
-limb position: adduction, eternal rotation
Term
How does pelvic symmetry change with hip luxation?
Definition
-palpate iliac crest, greater trohanter of hte femur, ischatic tuberosity
-will feel like a straight line
Term
What is the thumb test for hip luxation?
Definition
-place thumb in ischiatic notch, externally rotate limb, thumb should be pushed out of notch
Term
What are some of the complicating factors of hip luxation?
Definition
-hi dysplasia
-legg calve perthes
-acetabular fracture
-femoral neck fracture
-bony round ligament avulsion
Term
How successful is closed reduction of hip luxation?
Definition
-anesthesia + epidural
-reduce the luxation
-rad to confirm reduction
-limb immobilization for 2-3w
Term
How do we use closed reduction to treat craniodorsal hip luxation?
Definition
-use ehmer sling
Term
How do we pull the limb to fix craniodorsal hip luxation?
Definition
-external rotation => pull the limb caudally and sitally => internal rotation
Term
How do we pull the limb to fix caudoventral hip luxation?
Definition
-abduct the limb => provide distraction => apply lateral and proximal pressure
Term
Describe how you immobilize craniodorsal hip luxation post-reduction.
Definition
-Ehmer sling: maintain abduction & iternal rotation
Term
Describe immobilizaiton of caudoventral hip luxation post-reduction.
Definition
-hobbles for 2w to maintain adduction
Term
How do we treat a hip luxation after closed reduction has failed? How does it work?
Definition
-toggle pin
-creates a synthetic round ligament
Term
What are the indications for salvage procedures of a hip luxation?
Definition
-chronic
-recurrent
-damaged articular cartilage
-OA present
Term
What are the options for salvaging a luxated hip?
Definition
-total hip replacement: preferred
-femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO)
Term
What are the three grades of a collateral ligament injury?
Definition
-Grade 1: stretching of fibers
-Grade 2: incomplete tear of fibers
-GRade 3: complete tearing of ligament
Term
How does a damaged collateral ligament present clinically?
Definition
-results in varus/valgus
-lameness and refusal to use limb
Term
How do we diagnose collateral ligament injury on physical exam?
Definition
-joint breaks open = excessive varus or valgus
Term
How do we diagnose collateral ligament injury on rads?
Definition
-standard orthogonal and stress views
-abnormally large joint spaces
Term
How do we medically manage a collateral ligament injury?
Definition
-Grade 1: external coaptation for 6-8w
Term
HOw do we surigically manage a collateral ligament injury?
Definition
-surgical stabilization and coaptation for 6-8w
Term
What are other injuries that tarsal injuries are associated with?
Definition
-collateral instability
-open fractures
-sheared bone
-soft tissue injury
Term
How do we diagnose tarsal injuries?
Definition
-physical exam
-often medial collateral damaged: excessive valgus
Term
How do we treat tarsal shearing injury?
Definition
-reconstruction: depends on amount of tissue trauma present
-arthrodesis
Term
What is arthrodesis?
Definition
-permanent fusion of a joint or multiple joints
Term
HOw do we permenently fuse a joint?
Definition
-remove the cartilage
Term
When would we consider arthrodesis?
Definition
-severe fractures
-ligamentous injury
Term
What angle do we fuse joints at?
Definition
-standing angle
Term
Which joints are more commonly fused?
Definition
-carpus/tarses >>> stifle/elbow/shoulder
Term
What are different methods of arthrodesing a joint?
Definition
-plate/screws
-ESF
-transarticular pin
Supporting users have an ad free experience!