Term
| What is the significance of phosphorous in the body? |
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Definition
-major component of bone mieral
-component of cellular molecules
-acid-base buffer system
-P-dependent biochemical rxns
-milkd pdn, fetal development, rumen microbes |
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Term
| Describe the mechanisms of control of phosphorous in the body. |
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Definition
-PTH = inc renal and salivary P excretion
-Vitamid D = inc intestinal absorption |
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Term
| Describe the compartments of the body in which phosphorous resides. |
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Definition
-80-85% in the skeleton
-ICF: 15-20%
-ECF < ECF |
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Term
| What are the physiologic reasons behind a decline in serum Pi below the reference range? |
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Definition
-inadequate dieatry supply or excessive loss
-compartmental shift of P from ECF into ICF
-combo of the above |
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Term
| Does te serum or palsma [Pi] representative of intracelular [Pi]? What about total body P status? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical syndromes associated with LA hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
-chronic hypophosphatemia
-severe, acute hypophosphatemia
-others?: postparturient hemoglobinuria |
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Term
| What is the pathophysiology of chronic hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
| -long-term ingestion P-deficient diet or ingestion of compounds binding P in GI tract |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of chronic LA hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
-anorexia, pica, untrhifti9ness
-impaired productivity and fertility
-poor growth and wieght loss
-Rickets: young
-Osteomalacia: adults |
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Term
| How do we diagnose chronic LA hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
-antemortem: history, clinical signs, +/- dec serum phoshporus levels
-Postmorten (rib sample): bone ash, calcium and phosphorus concentratin |
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Term
| How do we treat chronic LA hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
| -long-term phosphate salts supplementation inn the diet: monosodium phosphate |
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Term
| What is the physiology behind severe acute hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
| -PO4 demands> PO4 resources n |
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Term
| What are the PO4 demands in the LA? |
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Definition
-colostrum/milk
-inc renal and salivary excretion: PTH effect |
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Term
| What are the PO4 resourced in the LA? |
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Definition
-dec feed intake (prepartum)
-inc bone mineral resorption
-inc intestinal absorption: PTH effect |
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Term
| Describe the epidemiology of LA severe acute hyphosphatemia? |
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Definition
-adult dairy cows >> beef cows
-peripartum > early lactation > late pregnacy |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of severe acute hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we diagnose LA severe acute hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
-history & clinical signs
-dec serum phosphorus levels
-associated with: hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia |
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Term
| How do we treat LA severe acute hypophosphatemia? |
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Definition
-IV PO4 solutions: monosodium phosphate
-oral PO4 soln: Monosodium phosphate
-fleet enema |
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Term
| How does hypophosphatemia cause postparutient hemobloginuria? |
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Definition
-dec intravascular ATP content in RBCs
-inc RBC osmotic fragility => intravascular hemolysis |
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Term
| What is the epidemiology of LA postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
| -multiparous diary cattle w/in 6w of parturition |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of LA postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
-pale mucous membranes or icterus
-dark reddish urine
0may become recumbent |
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Term
| How do we diangose postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
-dec serum phsophorus levels
-anemia +/- Heinz bodies
-hemoblinemia: pink serum
-UA: hemoglobinuria |
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Term
| How do we determine if it is hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
-Spin urine: before and after look the same
-sediment exam: no RBCs |
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Term
| How do we treat LA postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
-P supplementation
-Blood transfusion: if life threatening anemia
-isotonic IV > oral fluids
0supplement selenium and copper in diet |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of LA postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we prevent LA postparturient hemoglobinuria? |
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Definition
-diet contaiing 0.42% P for milking cows with a Ca:P ratio of 2:1
-dietary supplementation: phosphorous, copper, and/or selenium |
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