Term
| What are EMS horses prediposed to? |
|
Definition
-laminities especially on pasture
-exercise intoelrance
-infertility |
|
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Term
| Which equines are predisposed to equine metabolic syndrome? |
|
Definition
-easy keepers
-obese: cresty neck or rump
-usually adults: 6-16 years old
-poneis, Mustangs, and MOrgan horses predisposed |
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Term
|
Definition
-obese: BCS 7-9
-location of fat: crest of neck, tail head, near the shoulder, prepuce
-hsitory of easy keeper
-laminitis, abnormal estrous cycling
-insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia
-normal PPID testing |
|
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Term
| What are some reasons for obesity in horses? |
|
Definition
-environmentla effects: overfeeding or improper feeding
-lack of exercise
-genetics effect: bred to be thrifty |
|
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Term
| What are adult obese equines predisposed to? |
|
Definition
-laminitis
-insulin resistance
-poor performance, more easily fatigued, greater lethargy
-less efficient cooling of body temps
-in c stress on heart and lungs
-mroe strain on feet, joints, and limbs
-repro infertility |
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Term
| How do we measure obesity in horses? |
|
Definition
-BCS
-weight
-fat thickness
-pattern of fat: neck circumference |
|
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Term
| What are the six key areas evaluated for BCS? |
|
Definition
-fat over neck
-withers
-crease of back
-tailhead
-ribs
-behind shoulders at girth |
|
|
Term
| Describe how a body fat U/S works in a horse? |
|
Definition
| -5 cm lateral from midline at center of pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-obese
-location of fat
-report of easy keeper
-laminitis
-insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemic |
|
|
Term
| What is insulin resistance? |
|
Definition
-condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it properly
-insulin fails to drive glucose into tissues
-often elads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we diagnose insulin dysregulaiton in a horse with fasting blood insulin conc? |
|
Definition
-high fasting blood insulin concentration
>20 ulU/mL with normal or high glucose when grain restricted
> 50 ulU/mL glucose when fed |
|
|
Term
| How do we diabnose insulin dysregualtion in a horse with an oral sugar test? |
|
Definition
-give Karo Syrup Light by mouth
-measure glucose and insulin at 0, 60, 75, and 90 mins
-positive results: glucose > 126 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose insulin resistance? |
|
Definition
-Combined glucose Insulin Tolerance Test
-INsulin Tolerance Test |
|
|
Term
| What results of combined glucose insulin tolerance test are abnormal? |
|
Definition
| -time to return baseline glucose > 45 min |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cuase of laminitis? |
|
Definition
| -endocrine disease: EMS obesity, PPID, grass founder |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of laminitis due to EMS or PPID? They differ from other etiologies. |
|
Definition
-lies down more than previously
-slower or quieter than usual
-shorter gait
-stiffer gait
-can mimic other diseases
-may not be very sensitive to hoof testers |
|
|
Term
| What is the physiologic cause of endocrinopathic lamintiis? |
|
Definition
| -current theory: excessive insulin binds to and activates the IGF-1 receptor causing mitogenesis, elongation fo secondary lamellae and laminitis |
|
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Term
| What are the cross testing procedures we use for PPID? |
|
Definition
-test PPID horses for hyperinsulinemia, greater insuliin release, and laminitis
-test EMS for PPID |
|
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Term
| What are the specific treatments for EMS? |
|
Definition
-Thyroid supplementation: short term only to temporarily induce hyperthyroidism
-Chromium or cinnamon: no evidence effective in restoring insulin sensitivity in the horse
-Metformi has iffy efficacy in horses |
|
|
Term
| True or False: EMS may be a risk factor for PPID. |
|
Definition
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