Term
| Where does the sciatic nerve run in regards to the pelvis? |
|
Definition
| -runs through the ischiatic notch |
|
|
Term
| Outline the transferrence of weight through the pelvic limb. |
|
Definition
| -pes => tibia => femur => acetabulum => ilium => sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
| The pelvis always receives multiple fractures. What are the exceptions to this rule? |
|
Definition
-very young dogs
-hip impaction |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical gender signalment of pelvis trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we see on physical exam of pelvic trauma? |
|
Definition
-crepitus on palpation
-reluctance to walk |
|
|
Term
| What are the concurrent injuries we see with abdominal trauma? |
|
Definition
-uroabdomen
-urethral tear
-prepubic tendon rupture
-hemoabdomen
-neuro injury |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose pelvic fractures? |
|
Definition
-lateral and VD
-oblique: acetabular fractures
-sacroiliac luxation |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat pelvic fractures medically? |
|
Definition
-crate rest 6w
-sling support
-pain control
-controlled elash walks
-physical therapy |
|
|
Term
| Who qualifies for medical treatment of pelvic fractures? |
|
Definition
-non-displaced fractures
-unilateral fractures
-non-articular fractures
-fractures in non-weight bearing portion of pelvis |
|
|
Term
| What are the weight-bearing portions of the pelvis? |
|
Definition
-ilium
-acetabulum
-sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of pelvic fractures are treated surgically? |
|
Definition
-bilateral fractrues
-significant displacement: colon compromise, pelvic canal compromise
-faster return to function
-sciatic entrapment |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we surgically treat the ilium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we surgically treat the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
-plate and screws
-cross pins: PMMA |
|
|
Term
| How do we surgically treat the sacroiliac joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the anatomic considerations of femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-palpable bone: grater trochanter, patella, femoral condyle
-Large soft tissue envelope |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of animals get capital physis fractures of the femur? |
|
Definition
| -skeletally immature dogs and cats |
|
|
Term
| What type of Salter-Harris fracture is a femoral capital physis fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose femoral captial physis fracture? |
|
Definition
-standard AP rads
-frog-leg AP rads |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat capital physis fractures of the femur? |
|
Definition
-treat ASAP
-diverging or parallel K wires
-temporary apple-coring |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of greater trochanter avulsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle pulls to cause traction on the greater trochanter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the surgical options for treating greater trochanter avulsion? |
|
Definition
| -provide a compressive force to counter the traction force: K and tension band OR K wires (in very young) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common fracture location in the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the anatomic considerations of diaphyseal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-large soft tissue envelope
-provides enough protection of fracture until surgery |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose diphayseal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-crepitus/discontinuity of bone
-non-weight bearing
-rads: AP and lateral |
|
|
Term
| What are the surgical options for diaphyseal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-plate and screws
-interlocking nail
-IM pin and cerclage
-ESF not desired: no safe corridors |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of distal physeal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the surgical options for distal physeal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-cross pins: linear
-plate and screws: comminution |
|
|
Term
| Why do we need to avoid quadriceps contracture with distal physeal femoral fractures? |
|
Definition
-cannot fix this once it becomes permanent
-usually happens in young puppies when we are trying to fix it |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of quadriceps contracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the solution of quadriceps contracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can we avoid quadriceps contracture? |
|
Definition
-rigid fixation
-early return to function/joint motion |
|
|
Term
| Are tibial fractures common or uncommon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the tibia more at risk of open fracture? |
|
Definition
| -minimal soft tissue envelop |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of fractures that affect the tibia? |
|
Definition
-physeal
-tibial crest avulsion
-malleolar fracture
-diaphyseal
-metaphyseal |
|
|
Term
| What are our non-surgical option for tibial fractures? |
|
Definition
-young
-financial constraints
-cast: best for closed, transverse fracture
-lateral splint: Greenstick fractue |
|
|
Term
| What are our surgical options for diaphyseal/metaphyseal tibial fractures? |
|
Definition
-plate and screws +/- IM pins
-IM pin and cerclage
-interlocking nail
-ESF |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of tibial avulsion fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the surgical options to treat tibial avulsion fractures? |
|
Definition
-tension band and K wire
-K wires alone: provide compressive force to counter the tension force from quadriceps m |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of physeal tibial fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the surgical options of physeal tibial fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis of tibial fractures? |
|
Definition
-generally good
-cat blood supply varies |
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