Term
| Which 3 viruses are the equine viral encephalitides? |
|
Definition
| -Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis |
|
|
Term
| what genus and family do the equine viral encephalitides belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -eastern US, Caribbean Basin, Central America, eastern coast of S. America |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -culiseta melanura mosquito |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 mammals in which clinical signs and mortality are seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Aedes and Coquillettida mosquito species serve as a bridge between infected birds and mammals for EEE. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the equine viral encephalitides is most virulent? What is its mortality rate? |
|
Definition
-EEE
-mortality rate of 40-80% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Americas, from Canada to Argentina |
|
|
Term
| How is WEE maintained in the western US? |
|
Definition
| -passerine birds and Culex tarsalis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the seasonality of WEE. |
|
Definition
| -late summer and early fall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Venezuela first, now all of South and Central America with occasional outbreaks in Texas and south US |
|
|
Term
| Between which animals does VEE cycle enzootically? |
|
Definition
| -Culex species and small rodents (Peromyscus spp) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of the equine viral encephalitides. |
|
Definition
| -virus replicates locally at site of entry, after whihc it invades the blood (primary viremia) => it then replicates in extraneural tissues (muscles, fat) after which a secondary viremia occurs => invasion of the CNS may occur during the secondary viremia |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs do we see when EEE/WEE/VEE infects the CNS? |
|
Definition
| -start with fever (often biphasic) and hyperexcitability, followed by circling, wandering, walking into objects, somnolence with wide-base stance, leaning on things, hanging head, drooping ears, flaccid lips, and tongue hanging out feed hanging from mouth, then paralysis, recumbency, and death |
|
|
Term
| What virus do we use to diagnose EEE/WEE/VEE? |
|
Definition
| -blood and tissue samples with RT-PCR |
|
|
Term
| Is EEE/WEE/VEE a notifiable disease? How do we protect against it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what family does West Nile Virus belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the cycle of WNV. |
|
Definition
-mosquito => bird => mosquito
-humans, horses, and other mammals are dead end hosts |
|
|
Term
| What is the principal amplifying host of WNV in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of birds develop very high viremia in WNV? Describe the mortality in these birds. |
|
Definition
-grackles, crows, jays
-40% |
|
|
Term
| Are most WNV infections clinical or subclinical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of WNV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -acute onset of rear limb ataxia, muscle tremors, kunuckling over at the fetlock, inability to rise |
|
|
Term
| What are the histopathological lesions seen with WNV? |
|
Definition
| -nonsuppurative poliomeningoencephalomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| What samples do we submit for the diangosis of WNV? For what tests? |
|
Definition
-brain on ice and sections in formalin
-RT-PCR and IPX |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -anti-inflammatorys and DMSO |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of vaccines do we have for WNV? |
|
Definition
| -inactivated and live canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccines |
|
|
Term
| To which family does Powassan virus belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Powassan virus commonly found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Powassan virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -Ixodes and Dermacentor ticks |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs attributable to Powassan virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To which family does Main Drain virus belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Main Drain virus found? How is it transmitted? |
|
Definition
-in horses with encephalitis in western US
-Cullicoides and cycles b/n rabbits and other rodents |
|
|
Term
| Waht transmits St. Lois Encephalitis Virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is St. Loius Encephalitis Virus found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is La Crosse Virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is BHV-5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which age group of cattle is most commonly affected by BHV-5? |
|
Definition
| -younger animals around weaning age and sporadically in older animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of BHV-5? |
|
Definition
| -incoordination, tremor, convulsions, and death |
|
|
Term
| Describe the morbilidty and mortality of BHV-5? |
|
Definition
| -low morbidity wiht high case fatality rate |
|
|
Term
| What shows on histopath of BHV-5? |
|
Definition
| -perivascular cuffing (lymphocytes) with inclusion bodies |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with the CNS form of MCF in cattle? |
|
Definition
| -head pressing, ataxia, incoordination |
|
|
Term
| What congenital deformities can occur due to BTV? |
|
Definition
-hydranencephaly, mocroencephly, arthrogryposis
-Dumb Calf Syndrome (cannot suckle) |
|
|
Term
| What congenital deformites occur in cattle due to BVDV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the CNS form of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus? Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-Visna in sheep
-paralysis in young lambs |
|
|
Term
| What genus does CAE belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of the CNS form of CAE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Louping ill transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does louping ill cause in sheep? |
|
Definition
-encephalomyelitis
-ataxia, tremors, and eventual paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the seasonality of Louping Ill. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does Cache Valley Virus occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CNS clinical signs do we see in FPV kittens? |
|
Definition
| -incoordination, hypermetria, ataxia |
|
|
Term
| What neuro signs do we seen in FIP cases? |
|
Definition
| -ataxia, nystagmus, seizures, limb paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs do we see with spnal cord lymphosarcoma due to FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -slow progressive posterior paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What CNS changes do we see due to FIV? |
|
Definition
| -behavioral changes mostly, also see seizures and paresis |
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